大气污染物质的干性沉着及其计测

在分析了大气污染物质干性沉着特点的基础上，重点讨论了干性沉着短期计测的扩散管法和4段滤纸法以及求算气体流束F的涡相关法，倾度法和热平衡法，这对我国进一步开展大气污染物质干性沉着机理的解明及其对环境影响的把握研究具有重要意义。     

从富氢干气中回收氢气技术

依据清洁生产审核、评估的结果，提出了从富氢干气中回收氢气的高费方案，并加以实施。富氢干气先用化学吸收法进行脱硫处理，再用高压吸附、低压抽真空解吸，从含粗氢的干气中提纯出99．9％(体积分数)的氢气。该装置负荷为35％的情况下，可回收氢气2500t/a，减排二氧化硫约100t／a，创经济效益约426．6万元／a。     

干法与半干法烟气脱硫技术综述

介绍了几种干法、半干法烟气脱硫技术，对各种工艺进行了分析，认为干法、半干法烟气脱硫技术的应用将对我国控制SO2排放具有深远意义。     

沸腾炉烟尘磨损性及对策

沸腾炉烟尘含尘浓度高达200一300g／m^3，并且温度高，成分杂，其对净化系统的磨损性不容忽视。本文通过探讨高浓度沸腾炉烟尘的磨损机制，针对湘南某化工厂运行实践，提出了切实可行的防磨损系列措施。     

干法烟气脱硫电除尘器进口喇叭的设计与应用

电除尘器进口喇叭的设计直接影响其气流均布。针对CFB—FGD干法烟气脱硫后的烟气特点，分析了处理脱硫后烟气的电除尘器进口喇叭设计，进行了气流分布试验，为高烟尘电除尘器进口喇叭的设计提供参考。     

Variations in surface functional groups, carbon chemical state and graphitization degree during thermal deactivation of diesel soot particles

The thermal deactivation of diesel soot particles exerts a significant influence on the control strategy for the regeneration of diesel particulate filters (DPFs). This work focused on the changes in the surface functional groups, carbon chemical state, and graphitization degree during thermal treatment in an inert gas environment at intermediate temperatures of 600°C, 800°C, and 1000°C and explore the chemical species that were desorbed from the diesel soot surface during thermal treatment using a thermogravimetric analyser coupled with a gas-chromatograph mass spectrometer (TGA-GC/MS). The surface functional groups and carbon chemical state were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The graphitization degree was evaluated by means of Raman spectroscopy (RS). The concentrations of aliphatic C–H, C–OH, C=O, and O–C=O groups are reduced for diesel soot and carbon black when increasing the thermal treatment temperature, while the sp²/sp³ hybridized ratio and graphitization degree enhance. These results provide comprehensive evidence of the decreased reactivity of soot samples. Among oxygenated functional groups, the percentage reduction during thermal treatment is the largest for the O–C=O groups owing to its worst thermodynamic stability. TGA-GC/MS results show that the aliphatic and aromatic chains and oxygenated species would be desorbed from the soot surface during 1000°C thermal treatment of diesel soot.     

Overestimation of Fire Risk in the Northern Spotted Owl Recovery Plan

Abstract:  The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's recent recovery plan for one of the most carefully watched threatened species worldwide, the Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina), recommended a major departure in conservation strategies in the northwestern United States. Due to concern about fire, the plan would switch from a reserve to a no-reserve strategy in up to 52% of the owl's range. Fuel treatments (e.g., thinning) at regular intervals also would occur on up to 65–70% of dry forests in this area. Estimations of fire risk, however, were based on less than a decade of data and an anecdotal assessment of a single, large fire. We found that decadal data are inherently too short, given infrequent large fires, to accurately predict fire risk and trends. Rates of high-severity fire, based on remote-sensing data, are far lower than reported in the plan and in comparison with the rate of old-forest recruitment. In addition, over a 22-year period, there has been no increase in the proportion of high-severity fire. Our findings refute the key conclusions of the plan that are the basis for major changes in conservation strategies for the Spotted Owl. The best available science is needed to address these strategies in an adaptive-management framework. From the standpoint of fire risk, there appears to be ample time for research on fire and proposed treatment effects on Spotted Owls before designing extensive management actions or eliminating reserves.     

杭嘉湖地区大气氮、磷沉降特征研究

通过2013年9月~2014年8月杭嘉湖地区杭州、嘉兴和湖州3个典型站点大气氮、磷沉降数据,探讨了杭嘉湖地区大气氮、磷沉降的污染特征.结果表明,目标地区内大气氮、磷沉降通量水平较高,分别为4950.74~5585.80,65.25~69.72kg/(km2·a);直接降入水域中的氮、磷素分别为6038.4,77.8t,分别相当于农业源的氮、磷入河量的39.6%和5.9%.氮沉降以湿沉降形式为主,磷沉降以干沉降形式为主;氮、磷湿沉降通量主要受降雨量影响,且随降雨量的增加而增加;氮、磷沉降存在时空差异性,大气氮干沉降通量以杭州、嘉兴地区为较高,大气磷干沉降通量以嘉兴地区为最高,大气氮湿沉降通量则以湖州、嘉兴地区为较高,大气磷湿沉降以湖州地区最高;时间尺度上,氮沉降夏秋两季最高,磷沉降以秋冬两季最高.     

考虑干密度影响的尾矿材料土水特征曲线模型及其应用

尾矿坝在运行过程中,堆积尾矿处于干湿交替环境,进行稳定性分析需要确定其抗剪强度和渗透系数。直接测量上述参数存在价格昂贵、耗时等缺点,而土水特征曲线是研究土的非饱和特性的重要工具。针对典型的尾矿材料,分别进行不同干密度尾矿样的脱水试验,测量不同吸力下尾矿样的含水量。在此基础上,整理得到不同干密度下尾矿样的土水特征曲线,采用Gardner模型对其进行拟合,得到考虑干密度影响的尾矿材料土水特征曲线模型。最后,将其应用于尾矿边坡的稳定性分析中,探求基质吸力对边坡稳定性的影响。研究成果可为尾矿材料的力学特性以及非饱和尾矿坝稳定性分析提供理论基础。     

放空管设计对超临界CO2管道放空影响研究

与天然气管道相比,超临界CO2管道放空时的降压可能导致管道内的低温,甚至形成干冰对管道及设备造成损伤,危害管道安全。针对超 临界CO2放空过程可能出现的潜在风险,建立了超临界CO2管道放空计算模型,借助OLGA软件对超临界CO2管道放空进行了稳态和动态模拟,并研 究放空管设计对管道放空的热力水力影响。研究表明:超临界CO2管道放空时管道沿线上各点之间的压力、温度变化差异不大;CO2首先由超临 界相变为气相,然后沿着气液相平衡线或气固相平衡线进行,管内温度降到一定值后逐步回升至管道埋地温度;放空管的直径对超临界CO2管道 放空过程的总时间、放空速率、最大温降以及是否生成干冰有直接影响;放空管高度对放空过程管内参数变化几乎无影响。