High efficiency of the NH4H2PO4/Mg(OH)2 composite for guaranteeing safety of wood production

Currently, China's timber industry is in high demand with the development of real estate. However, there is a certain fire hazard in the production process of wood manufacturing. Once a fire occurs, the fire is violent and the spread is rapid. Therefore, to improve the safety of its production process, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium hydroxide were selected to prepare a new composite superfine dry powder, which was denoted as the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite. Furthermore, to figure out dry powders' extinction effect on Class A fire, the wood-crib fire suppression effect of the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite was test, and then compared with that of ultrafine dry powder (UDP) and commercial ABC dry powder (C-ABC) in a 1 m³ chamber. Three parameters of the fire extinguishing process, namely flame extinction time, powder consumption and temperature drop were adopted to measure the fire suppression performance. The results demonstrated that UDP and C-ABC both had a larger flame extinction time and powder consumption than the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite. Besides, a fire (wood cribs) can be extinguished by the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite with the fastest temperature drop and a much-improved toxic gas suppression ability. In short, the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite can better guarantee the safety of the wood processing production process. Moreover, the reasons for performance advantages of the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite were discussed.     

Influx,transport, and accumulation of cadmium in plant species grown at different Cd2+ activities

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) has no known essential biological function, but it is toxic to plants, animals, and humans. A promising approach to prevent Cd from entering the food chain would be to select and/or create Cd‐accumulating plants to remediate contaminated soils or to develop Cd‐excluding plants to reduce Cd flow from soils into foods. The present study was undertaken to examine the differences in Cd influx, transport, and accumulation among five plant species in relation to plant tolerance to Cd toxicity. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) had the least reduction in dry matter which may be due to its lowest Cd transport rate (TR) to shoots at all Cd levels among the plant species tested. White‐clover (Trifolium repens L.) was the most sensitive species to Cd toxicity, likely because of its highest Cd influx rate (IR) and high TR when plants were grown at low Cd²⁺ activity (≤8 μM). The high tolerance of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) to moderate Cd toxicity (≤14 μM) appeared to be mainly due to the detoxification of Cd inside plant tissue since it recorded the highest TR and relatively high IR for Cd among the tested species. At Cd²⁺ activities up to 28 uM, the Cd uptake ratios of shoot/root for ryegrass were, on average, about 50‐fold and 27‐fold lower than that for cabbage and maize (Zea mays L.), respectively. These results showed that Cd could be easily transported into shoots of cabbage and maize, but was mainly confined to roots of ryegrass. We suggest that influx and transport rates, especially transport rate, could be used as plant physiological parameters for screening Cd‐excluding genotypes among monocotyledonous plants.     

矿用离心式水泵汽蚀的预防措施及排除方法

排水设备作为煤矿四大固定机械设备之一，承担着排除涌水、预防水灾、保障安全的重要任务。其主体设备一离心式水泵汽蚀的高发态势，对矿井安全构成潜在威胁。本文通过对离心式水泵汽蚀机理的阐释，说明了汽蚀的征兆；分析了影响矿用水泵汽蚀的因素；明确了具体的预防措施和排除方法。     

真空管道列车悬浮电磁铁散热性能研究

目的 研究真空管道交通中磁浮列车悬浮电磁铁温度随管道内真空度及环境温度的变化规律。方法 建立三维电磁铁模型,利用Fluent软件研究真空度(0～80 kPa)、环境温度(283～323 K)对电磁铁温升性能的影响,并对Realizable k-ε和RNG k-ε 2种湍流计算模型进行对比。结果 电磁铁表面温度随真空度的增大而升高,当真空度超过60 kPa时,电磁铁表面温度快速升高。随着环境温度的增加,电磁铁表面温度呈近似线性关系增大。Realizable k-ε和RNG k-ε 2种湍流模型的仿真结果基本相同。结论 真空度和环境温度对悬浮电磁铁散热性能均有很大影响,在设计真空管道列车时,需考虑电磁铁散热能力,并采取相应措施。     

基于决策树的黑龙江省旱耕地分类

基于决策树和EOS/MODIS数据,参考黑龙江省的农事活动和农作物发育期数据,对该省旱耕地进行了分类。结果表明,利用MODIS较高时间分辨率的特点,提取该省植被物候信息,可以在较短时间内实现对旱耕地分布及面积的定量描述;由于黑龙江省的干湿冷暖差异较大,按气候特征分区进行旱耕地判识的效果较好,总体精度可达到85.27%,Kappa系数0.8415。该项研究可为黑龙江省旱耕地面积数据的及时获取提供参考。     

重量法和冷凝法测量烟气含湿量计算公式的改进

本文对现有文献中用重量法和冷凝法测量烟气含湿量的计算公式进行了改进，使改进后的公式更准确、适用。     

The interfacial mass transfer resistances of the ozone dry deposition over the field soil of Taichung County in Taiwan

This study aims to design a dry deposition chamber and to measure ozone depletion over the Taichung field soil. This study seeks to verify the phenomena by an experimental and mathematical model. It is demonstrated that interfacial mass transfer resistances of ozone dry deposition involve reactive resistance (R(sr)) and kinetic resistance (R(sk)). It reveals the chemical reaction (O3 + NO --> NO2) to produce the reactive resistance, and verifies that the interfacial mass transfer resistances depend on nitrogen oxide emission and soil temperature. It shows that the interfacial mass transfer resistances are reduced with increasing soil temperature (T(S)). The model profiles are smaller than the observed data within a relative error of 15%. The reactive resistance decreases exponentially with increasing soil temperature; R(sr)(-1) (cm x sec(-1)) = 0.0001 exp (0.1455T(S)). The kinetic resistance decreases linearly with increasing soil temperature; R(sk)(-1)(cm x sec(-1)) = 0.0108T(S) + 1.4012. This model is more accurate with higher soil temperature and larger ozone concentration. Results are consistent with thermodynamics and reaction kinetics. Ozone dry deposition over agricultural soil causes conversion of nitrogen oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2).     

李家河水库上游水体溶解性有机物组分与来源

以李家河水库上游水体为研究对象,运用三维荧光光谱法解析水体溶解性有机物（DOM）的来源和特性,并探讨了DOM组分干湿季变化特征及影响因素.结果表明,李家河水库上游水体DOM由3个荧光组分组成,分别为类络氨酸（220nm,270nm/300nm）、UVA类腐殖质（250nm/430nm）和类色氨酸（225nm,280nm/335nm）,其中类络氨酸为主要组分,但其含量干湿季变化不大,而UVA类腐殖质和类色氨酸含量呈现出显著的季节差异.荧光特征指数表明,李家河水库上游水体DOM的来源具有显著的陆源特征,其特征在湿季更加显著.水体DOM各荧光组分在干湿季均与TP呈正相关;在湿季,类络氨酸组分与Chl-a、浊度和COD_Mn呈正相关,而在干季无相关性.UVA类腐殖质与DOC在干湿季均存在正相关关系,且在湿季相关性（P<0.01）大于干季（P<0.05）.类色氨酸与COD_Mn相关性也表现出湿季（P<0.01）大于干季（P<0.05）的特征.     

高温真空老化对X2101双马树脂基复合材料结构及力学性能的影响

目的研究高温-真空环境对新型X2101双马树脂基复合材料结构及性能的影响。方法采用管式炉分别在330,350,370,400℃等高温/真空耦合条件下对X2101双马树脂基复合材料层合板进行热老化处理,利用称重法、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、万能试验机和动态热机械分析仪(DMA)等测试手段表征分析老化条件对复合材料的质损率、化学结构、力学性能、动态力学行为的影响。结果复合材料的最高质损率低于4%。在350℃以下,热老化对基体树脂化学结构的影响较小,随着老化温度的升高,储能模量呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;350℃热老化10 h后复合材料的力学性能保持率在65%以上。结论 X2101双马树脂基复合材料是一种性能优良的耐高温结构材料,可用于制造在300℃高温下服役的航空航天结构件。     

四面山大洪湖底泥/水界面汞的迁移转化规律

森林生态系统的汞产量可以用森林湖泊或水库的动态变化来表征.而且,下游汞浓度的变化也可以在一定程度上反映森林生态系统汞的输出.通过对四面山大洪湖上游、中游、下游丰水期与枯水期汞的分布与沉积物剖面的分析发现:大洪湖上覆水中总汞浓度在丰水期显著增加(丰水期平均值4. 33 ng·L~(-1),枯水期1. 85 ng·L~(-1)),在下游尤为明显,其总汞和甲基汞的含量明显高于其他类型湖泊,但小于受到污染的湖泊,说明四面山常绿阔叶林具有一定"汞源"的特征,同时沉积物也是大洪湖上覆水中甲基汞和无机汞的输入源;甲基化过程主要发生在沉积物的表层,丰水期时甲基化过程更活跃;在丰水期时,更有利于汞和甲基汞从沉积物固相进入沉积物液相,从而进入上覆水中.