腐殖酸影响剩余污泥厌氧消化过程实验研究

以实验室培养、几乎不含腐殖质和金属离子的剩余污泥作为研究对象,选择与市政污泥中腐殖酸特征相近的市售腐殖酸为外加填充物,实验研究污泥中所含腐殖质对污泥厌氧消化过程的抑制作用.通过设置腐殖酸不同投加比例(0、5%、10%、15%和20%,以VSS计),探究腐殖酸对厌氧消化不同过程的影响.实验结果表明,腐殖酸抑制厌氧消化生物气产气量.填加15%腐殖酸时对厌氧消化产气量抑制作用最为明显,较未添加腐殖酸对照组产气量下降了35%;但并未对生物气中CH_4体积比产生太大影响,说明抑制影响是对生物气整体性的.腐殖酸亦可抑制厌氧水解过程,投加20%腐殖酸实验组实验结束时残留于上清液中的溶解性多糖、蛋白质浓度分别是对照组的2.2和1.6倍.然而,腐殖酸作为外源电子受体,可以在一定程度上促进酸化过程,其程度在填加20%腐殖酸实验组表现最高,较对照组VFAs提高了11.3%.腐殖酸投加未对系统pH产生明显影响,各实验组pH值均在7.09~7.54间变化.     

德国分散式污水处理系统微生物群落结构及功能

以德国分散式污水处理系统为研究对象,通过16S rRNA测序,研究2个反应器中微生物群落结构,利用PICRUSt软件对其功能进行推演.结果表明,冬季,污水厌氧膜生物反应器（AnMBR）内温度20℃,进水COD 712mg/L时,出水可获得52%的COD平均去除率,产气率为122L/kgCOD;固体废物厌氧反应器（PSD）内温度37℃,反应器内COD 3007mg/L时,可获得374L/kgVSS的产气率.2个反应器具有相似的微生物组成,对细菌,Synerigistaceae科的相对丰度最高（AnMBR：24.0%±10.0%;PSD：11.0%±3.1%）;对古菌,Methanobacteriaceae科的相对丰度最高（AnMBR：0.6%±0.3%;PSD：13.8%±1.8%）;2个反应器的功能基因组成也相似,产甲烷都以H₂还原CO₂的通路为主.PSD反应器中H₂还原CO₂通路相关基因、F420合成相关基因、辅酶M合成相关基因的相对丰度都高于AnMBR反应器.     

Effects of chlortetracycline, Cu and their combination on the performance and microbial community dynamics in swine manure anaerobic digestion

Swine manure was typical for the combined pollution of heavy metals and antibiotics. The effects of widely used veterinary antibiotic chlortetracycline(CTC), Cu and their combination on swine manure anaerobic digestion performance and microbial community have never been investigated. Thus, four 2 L anaerobic digestion reactors were established including reactor A(control), B(CTC spiked by 0.5 g/kg dry weight, dw), C(Cu spiked by 5 g/kg dw) and D(combination of CTC, 0.5 g/kg dw, and Cu, 5 g/kg dw), and dynamics of bacterial and archaeal community structure was investigated using high throughput sequencing method. Results showed that addition of CTC and Cu separately could increase the total biogas production by21.6% and 15.8%, respectively, while combination of CTC and Cu severely inhibited anaerobic digestion(by 30.3%). Furthermore, corresponding to different stages and reactors, four kinds of microbes including bacteria and archaea were described in detail, and the effects of CTC, Cu and their combination mainly occurred at hydrolysis and acidification phases. The addition of Cu alone changed the dynamics of archaeal community significantly. It was genus Methanomassiliicoccus that dominated at the active methane production for A, B and D, while it was genus Methanobrevibacter and Methanoculleus for C.     

不同基质配比对农村生活垃圾厌氧发酵效率及稳定性的影响

以典型农村生活垃圾餐厨垃圾(Food Waste,FW)与纸类垃圾(Paper Waste,PW)为基质,通过中温(35℃)批次厌氧共发酵试验,探明不同配比的基质在厌氧共发酵4阶段(水解阶段、酸化阶段、乙酸化阶段、产甲烷阶段)的动力学特性,再结合挥发性脂肪酸(Volatile fatty acids,VFAs)在系统运行过程中的变化,确定FW与PW的最佳配比。结果表明,水解阶段是纸类垃圾的主要限速步骤,而VFAs积累限制了餐厨垃圾甲烷化进程的提高,且VFAs积累主要以丙酸与丁酸为主。当w(FW)≥35%时,产甲烷速率随VFAs质量浓度增大而线性减小,过高的VFAs质量浓度抑制了产甲烷菌的活性。FW与PW最佳基质配比为35∶65(质量比),在此条件下反应速率最为突出,系统运行高效,VFAs能及时被产甲烷菌利用,无有机酸积累,系统运行平稳。     

消解方法对土壤中砷含量测定的影响研究

土壤中总砷的检测方法主要采用原子荧光法测定。样品的消解通常是用微波消解法、水浴消解法和电热板消解法,在这些消解方法中,可以采用不同酸进行消解。所以样品消解过程的不同对土壤中总砷含量的检测结果有至关重要的影响。主要从消解液的种类和加热方式两方面进行研究。结果表明,在准确度方面,加热方式对砷的测定值影响不大,而消解液的选取对结果的影响较大。当消解液是HNO3+HF+HCLO4时,由于样品能完全消解进入溶液中,因此砷的含量测定值较高。     

中温碱解预处理促进剩余污泥厌氧产甲烷的研究

采用4 mol/L NaO H碱液在中温下处理城市生活污水处理厂剩余污泥6 h,对比原剩余污泥和中温碱解污泥厌氧消化产甲烷的能力,分析了中温碱解及厌氧消化过程中剩余污泥胞内物质的释放规律,结果表明:碱解预处理有效促进了有机物、氨氮的释放,对磷酸盐释放促进作用不明显。原剩余污泥的沼气转化效率为387.5 L/kg(以VS计,下同),中温碱解处理组的沼气转化效率为402.5 L/kg;中温碱解处理组沼气转化效率比原剩余污泥组高3.87%;中温碱解预处理提高了污泥减量化程度及甲烷产量。改进的Gompertz模型结果表明:碱解处理后剩余污泥最大甲烷产量为1 480.7 mL,最大产甲烷速率为77.8 mL/d,细菌产甲烷的延迟时间为3.38 d。     

预处理对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的影响研究进展

对餐厨垃圾进行厌氧消化处理可以有效规避填埋和焚烧等传统方式带来的环境污染风险,实现餐厨垃圾的资源化和无害化,但餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的水解步骤通常被认为是整个厌氧消化的限速步骤。一些物理、化学、生物和复合的预处理手段,可以达到减小餐厨垃圾颗粒粒径和增强可溶性的目的,进而促进餐厨垃圾的厌氧消化。通过阐述各种餐厨垃圾预处理原理,总结其对厌氧消化的影响,并提出了未来餐厨垃圾厌氧消化预处理的发展方向。     

Anaerobic digestion in mesophilic and room temperature conditions: Digestion performance and soil-borne pathogen survival

Tomato plant waste(TPW) was used as the feedstock of a batch anaerobic reactor to evaluate the effect of anaerobic digestion on Ralstonia solanacearum and Phytophthora capsici survival. Batch experiments were carried out for TS(total solid) concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6% respectively, at mesophilic(37 ± 1°C) and room(20–25°C) temperatures. Results showed that higher digestion performance was achieved under mesophilic digestion temperature and lower TS concentration conditions. The biogas production ranged from 71 to 416 L/kg VS(volatile solids). The inactivation of anaerobic digestion tended to increase as digestion performance improved. The maximum log copies reduction of R. solanacearum and P. capsici detected by quantitative PCR(polymerase chain reaction) were 3.80 and 4.08 respectively in reactors with 4% TS concentration at mesophilic temperatures. However, both in mesophilic and room temperature conditions, the lowest reduction of R. solanacearum was found in the reactors with 6% TS concentration, which possessed the highest VFA(volatile fatty acid) concentration. These findings indicated that simple accumulation of VFAs failed to restrain R. solanacearum effectively, although the VFAs were considered poisonous. P. capsici was nearly completely dead under all conditions. Based on the digestion performance and the pathogen survival rate, a model was established to evaluate the digestate biosafety.     

厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的培养及影响因素

在EGSB反应器中快速启动厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)工艺,总氮去除速率为0.931±0.006 kg/(m~3·d),总氮去除效率为90.5%±0.8%。培养得到厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥和絮状污泥混合物,污泥平均粒径为307.5μm。高质量浓度的NO_2~-(143.25 mg/L)抑制厌氧氨氧化菌活性;N_2H_4可强化厌氧氨氧化,但高质量浓度的N_2H_4抑制厌氧氨氧化菌活性;短期添加丙酸盐(COD质量浓度0~400 mg/L)对厌氧氨氧化速率几乎无影响;厌氧氨氧化速率随Fe~(3+)浓度(0~1.2 mmol/L)的增加而增加。     

纳米Fe强化污泥厌氧消化产甲烷的研究

介绍了利用纳米Fe强化污泥高效产甲烷的方法。实验结果表明,纳米Fe最佳投放量为6 g/L,相应的甲烷产量(以VSS计)为198 m L/g。机理研究表明,纳米Fe能够促进污泥水解、酸化,进而促进甲烷的积累。