厌氧折流内循环反应器(ABIC)处理木薯淀粉废水试验

对自主研发的厌氧折流内循环反应器(anaerobic baffled internal circulation,ABIC)处理木薯淀粉废水的运行特性进行研究,结果表明:ABIC在水力停留时间为20~24 h、进水ρ(COD)为3 000~15 000 mg/L、有机负荷为3.0~20.0kg/(m3·d)时COD去除率均高于80.0%,最高可达91.2%。ABIC对进水负荷的冲击具有良好耐受能力,最大可承受的容积负荷VLR为26.0 kg/(m3·d),运行稳定。反应器重新启动耗时较短,对处理木薯淀粉季节性生产废水有利。     

电辅助对厌氧折流板反应器处理高浓度有机废水的影响

为探究电辅助对ABR(厌氧折流板反应器)处理高浓度有机废水效能的影响,在温度为(35±1)℃、HRT(水力停留时间)为24 h、进水ρ(COD_Cr)维持在5 000 mg/L的情况下,研究电辅助位置对COD_Cr去除率、各格室VFA(挥发性脂肪酸)质量浓度和组成以及微生物群落的影响. 结果表明:①电辅助作用于反应器第1格室时,COD_Cr去除率达最大值(83.19%),较对照组提高约15.23%;1#-1格室ρ(乙酸)提高约23.26%,而ρ(丙酸)下降78.09%,说明电辅助能有效提高产氢产乙酸菌丙酸转化乙酸能力,有利于反应器性能提高. ②当电辅助添加在第2格室时,2#-2格室ρ(乙酸)略有下降,而ρ(丙酸)提高近4.2倍,电辅助对水解发酵菌促进效果明显,作用格室表现为乙酸-丙酸发酵类型. ③电辅助ABR各格室微生物群落结构的相似度均在70.0%以下,表明电辅助在强化不同优势菌群的同时改变了微生物种群结构.      

氧化镁与白云石石灰对不同来源废水中磷的回收效果

选择有代表性的3种来源废水(养猪场废水厌氧消化液、鸡粪废水厌氧消化液和污泥厌氧消化液),利用MgO与白云石石灰作为药剂进行磷回收试验,研究不同药剂、药剂投加量和反应时间下3种来源废水中磷的回收效果,通过动力学方程模拟2种药剂的除磷速率,并采用XRD(X射线衍射)、SEM(扫描电镜)对沉淀产物进行表征. 结果表明:投加2种药剂均可实现磷的有效去除与回收,反应沉淀物中含有MAP(磷酸铵镁)和CaCO₃,MgO的最佳投加量为200 mg/L,当反应时间为4 h时,PO₄3--P去除率达85.0%以上;白云石石灰的最佳投加量为500 mg/L,当反应时间为24 h时,PO₄3--P去除率达80.0%以上. 投加白云石石灰的反应速率较慢,并且反应沉淀物中含有更多的CaCO₃. 以处理1 m3原水为例,MgO药剂成本为0.80元,白云石石灰药剂成本为0.25元,显示白云石石灰经济成本更低,是较为理想的磷回收药剂.      

Benefits of supplementing an industrial waste anaerobic digester with energy crops for increased biogas production

Currently, there is increasing competition for waste as feedstock for the growing number of biogas plants. This has led to fluctuation in feedstock supply and biogas plants being operated below maximum capacity. The feasibility of supplementing a protein/lipid-rich industrial waste (pig manure, slaughterhouse waste, food processing and poultry waste) mesophilic anaerobic digester with carbohydrate-rich energy crops (hemp, maize and triticale) was therefore studied in laboratory scale batch and continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) with a view to scale-up to a commercial biogas process. Co-digesting industrial waste and crops led to significant improvement in methane yield per ton of feedstock and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio as compared to digestion of the industrial waste alone. Biogas production from crops in combination with industrial waste also avoids the need for micronutrients normally required in crop digestion. The batch co-digestion methane yields were used to predict co-digestion methane yield in full scale operation. This was done based on the ratio of methane yields observed for laboratory batch and CSTR experiments compared to full scale CSTR digestion of industrial waste. The economy of crop-based biogas production is limited under Swedish conditions; therefore, adding crops to existing industrial waste digestion could be a viable alternative to ensure a constant/reliable supply of feedstock to the anaerobic digester.     

Short term effects of copper, sulfadiazine and difloxacin on the anaerobic digestion of pig manure at low organic loading rates

Antibiotics of inorganic and organic origin in pig manure can inhibit the anaerobic process in biogas plants. The influence of three frequently used antibiotics, copper dosed as CuSO₄, sulfadiazine (SDZ), and difloxacin (DIF), on the anaerobic digestion process of pig manure was studied in semi-continuous experiments. Biogas production recovered after every Cu dosage up to a sum of 12.94 g Cu kg⁻¹ organic dry matter (ODM), probably due to Cu precipitation following the formation of sulphide from sulphate. Complete inhibition was found at the very high Cu concentration of 19.40 g Cu kg⁻¹ ODM. Inhibitory effect of SDZ and DIF was observed at concentrations as high as 2.70 g kg⁻¹ ODM and 0.54 g kg⁻¹ ODM, respectively. It seems very unlikely that the antibiotics tested would inhibit the anaerobic process in a full-scale biogas plant.     

Effect of leachate recirculation on mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste

The effects of using untreated leachate for supplemental water addition and liquid recirculation on anaerobic digestion of food waste was evaluated by combining cyclic water recycle operations with batch mesophilic biochemical methane potential (BMP) assays. Cyclic BMP assays indicated that using an appropriate fraction of recycled leachate and fresh make up water can stimulate methanogenic activity and enhance biogas production. Conversely increasing the percentage of recycled leachate in the make up water eventually causes methanogenic inhibition and decrease in the rate of food waste stabilization. The decrease in activity is exacerbated as the number cycles increases. Inhibition is possibly attributed to accumulation and elevated concentrations of ammonia as well as other waste by products in the recycled leachate that inhibit methanogenesis.     

硫酸盐对医药化工废水厌氧系统运行稳定性的影响

以获得硫酸盐还原能力的厌氧装置为研究对象,研究进水中不同硫酸盐浓度对厌氧反应器的运行效果的影响。试验结果表明:硫酸盐添加量为300 mg/L时,厌氧反应器出水COD浓度最低,COD去除率为76.1%,同时厌氧反应器出水中VFA的浓度最低;在硫酸盐添加量为400 mg/L时,此条件下获得产甲烷量最高,达240~260 mL/g;出水硫化氢浓度则随着硫酸盐添加量的增加而增加。在500 m3的UASB反应器内进行连续厌氧处理试验,结果表明添加硫酸盐后厌氧反应器的运行情况稳定。     

水解酸化-外循环(EC)厌氧-接触氧化工艺处理啤酒废水

内蒙古自治区某啤酒厂采用水解酸化-外循环(EC)厌氧-接触氧化工艺处理啤酒废水。经过4个月的调试达到满负荷运行,系统稳定可靠,出水水质远优于GB19821-2005《啤酒工业污染物排放标准》。COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TN和TOC的去除率分别达97.5%、98.5%、85%、75%和98.5%。     

炭纤维生物膜载体在两相厌氧生物处理中的应用研究

考察并对比了聚丙烯腈基炭纤维(PAN-CF)、醛化维纶(PVA)和聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维载体对硫酸盐还原菌和产甲烷菌的固着化能力,然后考察了它们在两相厌氧生物处理中的应用.结果表明,两种厌氧细菌在PAN-CF载体上的固着速率较快,固着量较大,固着在其表面的产甲烷菌活性更高,对硫酸盐和COD的去除能力更强,这可能与PAN-CF表面较强的疏水性及其优异的生物相容性有关;PAN-CF作为生物膜载体在两相厌氧处理含高浓度硫酸盐废水的应用中具有明显的优势,产酸相出水碳硫比大幅升高;产甲烷相COD去除率PAN-CF远高于PVA和PAN载体,约为它们的1.5~1.8倍;两相厌氧处理过程及效果受硫酸盐浓度变化的影响小,可更好地实现两相分离功能,促进有机物的生物降解.     

预处理对造纸污泥厌氧消化产甲烷性能的影响研究

采用碱(NaOH)和生物(蘑菇渣、绿色木霉)2种方法分别预处理造纸污泥,并将预处理后的造纸污泥与味精废液进行联合厌氧消化,研究不同预处理方式对造纸污泥的影响以及对后续联合厌氧消化甲烷产率的影响.结果表明,造纸污泥经过碱(NaOH)预处理和生物预处理(蘑菇渣、绿色木霉)后,污泥颗粒的结构变得紧实、平滑,颗粒间的孔隙度减少,污泥絮体中的纤维长度明显变短、污泥中的SCOD增加了35.5%~1130%、VSS降低了6%~19%、SVsludge增加了32%~192%,NH3-N浓度提高了36%~62.4%,表明预处理后污泥中的大分子物质被降解成小分子物质,且碱预处理对污泥产生的变化较生物处理大;经预处理后的造纸污泥与味精废液联合厌氧消化,甲烷得率分别为:NaOH预处理0.32m3 CH4/kg VS、蘑菇渣预处理0.23 m3 CH4/kg VS,较CK分别提高了54%~88%和12%~34%,可见碱预处理提高甲烷产率效果更明显,由于蘑菇渣预处理具有成本低、解决二次污染、实现废物再利用等优点,因此两者在预处理提高造纸污泥厌氧消化甲烷产率方面都具有重要意义.