Simulation and validation of a suitable model for thin layer drying of ginger rhizomes in an induced draft dryer

Variation in drying material and their biological differences, coupled with heat supply method in different dryers, makes mathematical modeling of drying complicated. Attempt was made to simulate a drying process and to identify best suitable model out of six selected drying models, for drying of ginger slices in a solar-biomass integrated drying system designed and developed for spice drying. Moisture content data were converted into the moisture ratio (MR) expressions and curve fitting with drying time for the selected drying models was analyzed. Sigma Plot software was used for nonlinear regression to the data obtained during drying and for modeling of drying curves. The suitability of the models was evaluated in terms of statistical parameters such as coefficient of determination (R²), mean percentage error (P), and standard error estimate. Drying air temperature was in the range of 47–55°C and air velocity was between 1.0 and 1.3 m s^?1. Ginger slices were dried from 88.13% to 7.65 ± 0.65% (wb) in 16 h. Trays were interchanged in a predetermined matrix sequence from 4 h onwards when moisture content was reduced to 60–70% (wb), for uniformity in drying. Highest value of R² (0.997), lowest value of SEE (0.020), and P value < 0.0001 established Page model as the best suitable model for the developed drying system. The predicted MRs were in good agreement with the experimental values and the effective moisture diffusivity for ginger was found to be 2.97 × 10^–7 m² s^?1.     

涂层烘干室本质化安全技术探讨

涂层烘干室使用单位时有爆炸事故发生,造成人员伤亡和财产损失,成为影响经济发展社会稳定不可忽视的因素.深圳市安监局为了加强对涂层烘干室使用单位的安全监督管理,及时发现和消除事故隐患,保障企业安全生产和从业人员人身安全,委托深圳市安全生产科学技术学会编制了《深圳市涂层烘干室使用管理安全要求及考评》(以下简称《要求及考评》)地方性专业安全指导文件.《要求及考评》旨在进一步帮助和指导涂层烘干室使用单位实施和增强安全管理,改善安全管理现状,提高安全管理水平,减少或杜绝事故.文章分别从涂层烘干室工作原理、潜在危险、事故预防等方面进行了解析.     

腈纶装置烘燥机自燃的原因及预防措施

分析了上海石化腈纶事业部金阳装置二步法纺丝后处理使用的第二烘燥机在高温高热状态下运行,设备内部经常发生自燃现象的原因和预防措施。     

污泥干化过程氨的释放与控制

通过模拟试验,深入研究了污泥氨在自然状态和不同温度下的释放特征及其影响因素,并结合污泥低温干化工艺的特点,建立了污泥氨释放的收集与处理系统.结果表明,污泥在储存的四天时间内,氨在空气条件下自然释放的日平均释放量为0.11μg/(g·d),在污泥干化过程中,氨的主要释放量集中在0~30min的早期阶段,氨的释放与水的蒸发同步发生,干化温度决定了污泥氨的释放强度,控制污泥在低温下完成干化过程,是抑制污泥氨释放强度的有效措施.通过多级湿式除尘除气不但可以去除污泥干化时释放的绝大部分氨和其他有害气体(如硫化氢),而且几乎可以去除全部烟尘.     

测定水中总氮的消解方法

废水中总氮测定的预处理一般采用经典的压力蒸汽灭菌器消解,其缺点是消解时间较长、操作较为繁锁。经多次试验并查阅了相关资料,可以用COD消解仪、电热恒温干燥箱和微波炉代替压力蒸汽灭菌器进行消解。在保证测量准确性和精度的前提下,可以节约时间、简化操作步骤,提高工作效率。     

烟气干化污泥对颗粒物的去除作用及其影响因素

基于利用烟气余热的污泥低温干化技术,通过模拟试验和结合工程实践,首次分析研究了污泥对烟气中颗粒物的去除作用及其影响因素.结果表明,被试的四种污泥对烟气中PM_2.5、PM₁₀和TSP的去除率分别为18%~42%、32%~55%和39%~62%,污泥对烟气中PM_2.5去除率的大小与污泥的细微结构和有机质含量相关联,烟气中颗粒物的去除率随污泥堆积密度和污泥含水率的增加而增加,随污泥粒度的增加而减少,污泥粒径变小时,污泥中水分更容易蒸发成微小水滴,有利于烟气中的细小颗粒物被吸附和凝结.     

Radioactive Isotopes of Strontium,Caesium and Plutonium in Sediments of the Northern Adriatic Sea

Changes in nitrification rates of an acid grassland soil with and without air drying have been monitored over 9 days, after first flushing native nitrate from the soils with deionised water. The results confirmed that full re-establishment of nitrification after air drying takes several days, supporting the hypothesis that any immediate first flush of nitrate from air-dried soils originates from cell lysis or flushing of ‘stored’ nitrate. Ammonium spiking confirmed that nitrification was not ammonium substrate limited. It was also found that ammonium accumulates in the soil during the drying process, providing a substrate pool once the population of nitrifiers has re-established. Over the first week of incubation, nitrate immobilisation was less conspicuous in the soil that had been rewetted after air drying compared with the incubated field moist soil.     

“二段法”干化工艺在中国城市污泥处置中的应用和实践

目前我国城市污水厂产生的湿污泥数量巨大,但大多未能得到安全处置。污泥干化作为解决城市污泥最终减量化、无害化、稳定化和资源化的重要处理方式,近年来得到广泛推广。与其他污泥干化工艺相比,"二段法"干化工艺在能耗、安全性等方面具有明显优势,越来越受到国内外的青睐。但另一方面,某些地区的污泥出现纤维含量高、易混入硬物、黏性高等问题,又阻碍其生产稳定运行。通过苏州工业园区污泥干化项目的实践,因地制宜,对"二段法"干化工艺在运行中出现的问题采取了针对性改进措施,实现了生产连续稳定运行。     

滤膜过滤 微波干燥法快速测定水中悬浮物

采用滤膜过滤微波干燥技术,建立了水中悬浮物的快速测定方法。以0.45μm硝酸乙酸纤维素(CN-CA)滤膜为过滤介质,采用变功率连续加热模式,空白湿滤膜在10 min内恒重(900 W/5 min+500 W/5 min),附有悬浮物的湿滤膜在13 min内恒重(900 W/8 min+500 W/5 min)。选择不同质量浓度的高岭土标准样品和不同类别的实际样品进行方法性能测试,结果表明,该方法检出限为5 mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.7%~7.1%,相对误差为2.0%~5.0%,采用该方法与采用标准方法《水质悬浮物的测定重量法》(GB 11901—89)测定实际样品的结果吻合。该方法显著缩短了水中悬浮物测定的分析时间,精密度和准确度能够满足分析要求,可用于地表水及一般工业排放废水中悬浮物质量浓度的快速测定。     

放射性浓缩液桶内干燥过程数学模型及动态仿真

为实现放射性浓缩液最大程度减容,设计了桶内干燥系统,基于物料衡算与热量衡算,建立了干燥过程动态数学模型,考察了不同的工艺条件对系统总体运行参数的影响,预测了桶内物料质量、含盐率、理论料面高度、温度、蒸发速率等关键参数随时间的变化规律.结果 表明:干燥总时长随加热功率、浓缩液含盐率、浓缩液温度、最终干燥盐分湿含率以及第一...