中国内河船舶大气防污染对策及运力结构改善对沿岸港口大气环境质量的影响

针对IMO防止船舶大气污染的国际公约及中国内河船舶大气污染防治历史与现状，结合西部大开发及中国内河航运的发展规划，对内河船舶大气污染的防治对策、主任任务及措施实施后对沿线主要港口城市大气环境质量的影响进行了研究和探讨，在此基础上提出了中国内河船舶未来一段时期大气污染防治的根本思路与战略。     

鄂东南铁矿区地面塌陷、滑坡灾害与安全生产

本文以广山铁矿区所引起的地表塌陷、滑坡等地质灾害为例，阐述了鄂东南铁矿区在采矿过程普温存在地面塌陷、滑坡等地质灾害，严重威胁矿山井下安全生产，并指出了引发灾害的原因及有关安全的防治措施。     

Chemical behavior of organic compounds in the interface of water/dual-cation organobentonite

The sorption behavior of polar of ionizable organic compounds,such as p-nitrophenol,phenol and aniline,in the water/organobentonite systems is investigated.Both adsorption and partition occur to the sorption of organic compounds to dual-cation organobentonites.The separate contributions of adsorption and partition to the total sorption of organic compounds to dual-cation organobentonites are analyzed mathematically in the first time.The factors to the contributions are also discussed.The results indicated that the contribution of adsorption and partition is related to the composition and ratio of dual-cation surfactants exchanging onto the bentonite.The sorption of organic compounds to dual-cation organobentonite is dominated by adsorption at low concentrations and by partition at high concentrations,making the organobentonites powerful sorbents for organic contaminants over wide range of concentrations.     

哈大齐工业走廊污染防治工作的思考

哈大齐(哈尔滨、大庆、齐齐哈尔)工业走廊将成为黑龙江省工业集中快速发展的工业带,该区域地处松嫩平原的腹地,其环境特点是环境空气容量大,水资源贫乏,排水困难,草原生态环境脆弱.湿地保护区面积大.在污染防治方面要大力推行循环经济,注意生态保护.     

小型矿山地质灾害危险性评估技术探讨

矿山的开采为国家带来了很多资源和经济效益,但同时也引发了很多地质灾害,如何减少和避免灾害的发生是一件至关重要的事.本文以云南省龙井沟铜矿矿山地质灾害危险性评估为例,对类似小型矿山地质灾害危险性评估的方法和主要技术问题进行探讨,力求为类似小型矿山的地质灾害评估提供一点借鉴之处.     

Electrochemical reduction characteristics and mechanism of nitrobenzene compounds in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process

The reduction of the nitrobenzene compounds （NBCs） by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process and the relationship between the electrochemical reduction characteristics of NBCs at copper electrode and reduction rate were studied in alkaline medium（pH=11）. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process was found more effective on degradation of NBCs compared to Master Builder＇s iron. The reduction rate by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process decreased in the following order： nitrobenzene 〉4-chloro-nitrobenzene ≥m-dinitrobenzene ：〉 4-nitrophenol ≥2,4-dinitrotoluene 〉2-nitrophenol. The reduction rate by Master Builder＇s iron decreased in the following order： m-dinitrobenzene ≥4-chloro-nitrobenzene 〉4-nitrophenol 〉2,4-dinitrotoluene ≈nitrobenzene 〉2-nitrophenol. NBCs were reduced directly on the surface of copper rather than by the hydrogen produced at cathode in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The reduction was realized by the hydrogen produced at cathode and Fe（OH）2 in Master Builder＇s iron, It is an essential difference in reaction mechanisms between these two technologies. For this reason, the reduction by the catalyzed Fe-Cu depended greatly on NBC＇s electron withdrawing ability.     

松花江水环境问题剖析与污染防治对策研究

从松花江污染类型,污染特征等方面分析了松花江水污染现状,从全流域工业结构与布局及城市环境保护基础设施建设等多方面分析了松花江污染成因,并有针对性地提出了松花江流域管理模式,污染防治措施,及完善体制及建立市场化机制等具有可操作性水污染防治对策.     

对防震减灾工作依法行政的探讨

《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》等一系列法律、规章的出台实施，规范了防震减灾的管理体制、行政执法，并将地震部门作为行政主体推向了依法行政的前沿。笔者结合自己在行政办事中心“窗口”的工作实际，对防震减灾依法行政工作的特点和存在问题进行一些简单的探讨。     

Comparative assessment of wet and dry garment cleaning Part 1. Environmental and human health assessment

Water-based cleaning of specialty garments is emerging as a potential alternative to dry cleaning. Perchloroethylene, the solvent used in dry cleaning, poses significant human and ecosystem health concerns. This paper is part 1 of a two part series that analyzes the key environmental, human health, performance, economic, and regulatory factors which influence the future of the garment cleaning industry. This paper inventories the environmental releases and wastes associated with the consumption of perchloroethylene in modern dry cleaning machines which ranges from 2.0 to 5.2 kg per 100 kg of clothing cleaned. In addition, water, electricity, and other inputs for both perchloroethylene-based and water-based garment cleaning are compared using data from previous demonstration projects. Toxicological and epidemiological studies provide evidence for the carcinogenicity of perchloroethylene although this classification is controversial. Cancer risks at low levels of exposure associated with modern dry cleaning equipment and good housekeeping practices are unknown and require further investigation. Regardless of these uncertainties, water-based cleaning is preferable to dry cleaning from a human and environmental health perspective.     

美国的土壤污染防治体系分析与思考

追溯美国上世纪70年代发生的第一起由土壤二噁英(Dioxine)类物质导致的"腊夫运河污染事故"及1980年颁布"超级基金法"的成因.在此基础上美国构建了一套在法律、管理制度以及技术规范方面比较完善的土壤污染防治体系.论述美国政府处理土壤污染的政策法规以及相关体系的目的在于为我国治理土壤污染问题提供参考和借鉴.