利用造纸黑液制备水煤浆添加剂

利用造纸黑液中有效成分，经过适当处理制备水煤浆添加剂，并且对添加剂的性能进行了测试。结果表明，依照该工艺生产的添加剂，性能优良，能够满足工业生产需要。     

铁碳微电解法预处理猪场沼液中氨氮的研究

铁碳微电解是新型的污水处理技术,为了研究猪场沼液中氨氮的去除,将铁碳微电解技术应用于预处理难降解的厌氧沼液中的氨氮。经预先浸泡处理后的铁碳已达到吸附饱和,以此铁碳材料,分别采用了单因素实验和正交试验,用可见光分光光度法测试氨氮的浓度。单因素实验确定了铁碳微电解法影响氨氮去除的因素,选取pH值、反应时间、铁碳比为正交试验因素,通过正交试验得到,当温度为(20±1)℃,铁碳比为1∶1,pH值为3,反应时间为60 min时去除氨氮的效果最好,去除率为34.01%。铁碳微电解法预处理猪场沼液有一定的应用前景。     

自动电位滴定法测定烟气氨法脱硫模拟浆液中氯离子的研究

氯离子含量是氨法脱硫工艺中的一个重要监控指标,用自动电位滴定法测定氨法脱硫浆液中的氯离子。结果表明,实验加入乙醇有利于增大电位突跃幅度;pH值为3~5时实验结果准确;加标回收率为90%~110%;与莫尔法相比,测定结果准确度、精密度更高,且不受灰分颜色干扰;与离子色谱法测定结果准确度、精密度相近,但测定高浓度氯离子电位滴定法更有优势。     

Applying a new method for direct collection, volume quantification and determination of N2 emission from water

The emission of N₂ is important to remove excess N from lakes, ponds, and wetlands. To investigate the gas emission from water, Gao et al. (2013) developed a new method using a bubble trap device to collect gas samples from waters. However, the determination accuracy of sampling volume and gas component concentration was still debatable. In this study, the method was optimized for in situ sampling, accurate volume measurement and direct injection to a gas chromatograph for the analysis of N₂ and other gases. By the optimized new method, the recovery rate for N₂ was 100.28% on average; the mean coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.9997; the limit of detection was 0.02%. We further assessed the effects of the new method, bottle full of water, vs. vacuum bag and vacuum vial methods, on variations of N₂ concentration as influenced by sample storage times of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days at constant temperature of 15°C, using indices of averaged relative peak area (%) in comparison with the averaged relative peak area of each method at 0 day. The indices of the bottle full of water method were the lowest (99.5%-108.5%) compared to the indices of vacuum bag and vacuum vial methods (119%-217%). Meanwhile, the gas chromatograph determination of other gas components (O₂, CH₄, and N₂O) was also accurate. The new method was an alternative way to investigate N₂ released from various kinds of aquatic ecosystems.     

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP)

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was developed more than a decade ago to offer an alternative to prenatal diagnosis for couples at risk of transmitting an inherited disease to their offspring. Portuguese-type familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP type I), is an autosomal dominant disease presenting an inherited mutation in the gene encoding the plasma protein transthyretin (TTR). We here report the first protocol for single-cell detection of the Met30 mutation in FAP type I and its application to PGD. A nested PCR reaction for exon 2 of the TTR gene was developed. The PCR product was then analysed by restriction enzyme analysis and SSCP allowing the detection of the point mutation. Ten clinical cycles were performed in seven couples. From the 93 metaphase II (MII) injected oocytes, 82 were normally fertilized and 78 were biopsied. A positive signal in the nested PCR reaction was obtained in 61 blastomeres, corresponding to a DNA amplification efficiency of 78.2%. No allele dropout (ADO) or contamination were detected. A biochemical pregnancy was obtained in three cases and a clinical pregnancy in one couple is actually in normal evolution. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非烟气工况下常规烟塔与改造烟塔内部结构的比较

根据流体力学理论,基于Fluent6.3.26计算平台,对常规冷却塔和改造后的排烟冷却塔进行了三维内部流场的模拟。分析非烟气工况下,两塔内部烟道布置对气流的影响,为进一步研究在工况条件下烟气、水蒸气塔内扰流与湿热蒸汽抬升作用提供理论基础。验证了改造烟塔内部烟道布置的优越性,对排烟冷却塔结构优化有一定的指导意义。     

滴灌沼液对茶园土壤-茶树氮磷含量影响研究

茶园滴灌沼液,不仅可以将沼液进行生态处理,避免其造成二次污染,而且可以充分利用沼液中营养成分,提高茶园效益。实验表明,适时滴灌沼液可以保持土壤中铵态氮含量,有利于提高茶叶产量;可以改善土壤结构,增强土壤微生物活性,使滴灌区土壤中有效磷含量升高,滴灌可以提高氮磷的利用率。与非滴灌区相比,滴灌系统水肥耦合较好,更利于茶树吸收利用养分。就产茶中氮磷含量作为茶树对氮磷的吸收量而言,与非滴灌区相比,滴灌区茶树对氮磷的吸收利用率分别提高了18.12%、8.33%。     

超声-Fenton法对沼液中3种四环素类和3种磺胺类抗生素氧化去除的研究

近年来,各类抗生素被广泛用于畜禽养殖,并经动物代谢后随粪便和尿液排出体外.代谢物通过沼气工程处理后,得到的沼液又多用于灌溉,使得抗生素进入环境被农作物吸收,进而通过食物链的传递对人体产生危害,因此,沼液中抗生素的去除就显得尤为重要.本文选择畜禽养殖中使用较多的6种抗生素作为目标物质,采用超声-Fenton氧化技术进行去除.通过设置单因素实验考察了超声能量密度、H_2O_2浓度、pH值、n(H_2O_2)/n(Fe~(2+))对抗生素去除的影响,并利用响应曲面法研究了各个因素的交互性影响,拟合出去除抗生素的最优条件.结果表明,通过单因素试验筛选出的最佳反应条件为:pH=4,H_2O_2浓度为0.04 mol·L~(-1),n(H_2O_2)/n(Fe~(2+))=10,超声能量密度为0.050 kW·L~(-1),在此条件下四环素、土霉素、金霉素、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶的去除率分别为91.90%、93.65%、86.09%、87.30%、77.54%、88.21%;再经由响应曲面法进一步优化实验方案得出优化条件为:pH=3.80,H_2O_2浓度为0.04 mol·L~(-1),n(H_2O_2)/n(Fe~(2+))=10.9,超声能量密度为0.055 kW·L~(-1),在此条件下四环素、土霉素、金霉素的去除率分别为92.04%、94.23%、88.46%,磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶的去除率分别为87.98%、80.78%、89.58%,养分TN、TP、TK的保留率分别为99.1%、98.6%、100.2%.可见,超声-Fenton氧化法对沼液中抗生素的去除效果良好,同时又可保留其养分.响应曲面法对优化超声-Fenton氧化去除沼液中的抗生素具有实际应用价值,这为沼液中抗生素的去除提供了一条可能的途径.     

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis using FISH for carriers of Robertsonian translocations: the Portuguese experience

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an alternative to prenatal diagnosis for couples at risk of transmitting genetic disorders to their offspring. We present a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of embryos obtained after seven PGD cycles in six couples with Robertsonian translocations and male factor infertility: 4 der(13;14), 1 der(14;21) and 1 der(15;21). Of 74 metaphase II (MII) injected oocytes, 61 (82.4%) fertilized normally and cleaved. Of these, 37/61 (60.7%) embryos were of high morphological quality with ≥6 blastomeres. After biopsy of 44 embryos at day 3 of development, seven degenerated, seven arrested in development and 30/44 (68.2%) evolved, of which 25/30 (83.3%) reached the morula/blastocyst stage. Analysis of biopsied blastomeres showed 23/44 (52.3%) of normal/balanced embryos, of which 15 (11 at the morula/blastocyst stage) were transferred in six cycles. One term pregnancy was achieved, which ended by cesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation, giving birth to two healthy newborn. Analysis of 49 embryos (excluding 12 inconclusive cases) showed a predominance of alternate segregation (38/49, 77.6%) over adjacent segregation (7/49, 14.3%), with one (2%) being a polyploid mosaic and three (6.1%) chaotic. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

丰镇发电厂送风系统噪声原因分析及降噪研究

振动和噪声普遍存在于火电厂锅炉送风系统中 ,是电厂噪声污染的一个重要来源 ,严重影响电厂安全、经济、文明运行。有效地降低送风系统的振动和噪声是火电厂急需解决的问题。笔者针对丰镇火电厂送风系统结构和运行参数 ,对由此产生的噪声进行了细致的测量 ,分析了产生振动和噪声的原因 ,认为送风机蜗舌处产生的气动噪声和管道二次涡流是引发送风系统振动和噪声的主要原因。根据产生振动和噪声的原因 ,并结合电厂要求 ,进行了技术改造即在直管中安装栅格网及弯管处安装导流栅以消除局部涡流。技术改造方案实施后经测量的结果表明 ,冷风道的噪声下降了 7～ 1 6dB ,明显降低了送风系统的振动和噪声。