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321.
粘土矿物比率对沙尘源区的指示 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为了探讨中国北方沙尘源区矿物组成特征并建立沙尘气溶胶的矿物示踪指标,在亚太地区气溶胶特征实验(ACE-Asia)期间对新疆阿克苏、甘肃敦煌、陕西榆林和内蒙古通辽沙尘气溶胶的矿物组成进行了研究.结果显示,中国主要沙尘源区沙尘气溶胶中高岭石与绿泥石的比率存在明显差异,西部沙尘源区(以阿克苏站点为代表)高岭石与绿泥石的比值较小(平均值为0.3),而北部沙尘源区(以榆林站点为代表)高岭石与绿泥石的比值相对较高(平均值为0.7).沉降区长武尘暴样品的粘土矿物比率和气团轨迹分析证实,在区域范围,高岭石与绿泥石的比值为较好的沙尘源区矿物示踪指标.而亚洲沙尘与撒哈拉沙尘的对比显示,高岭石与绿泥石的比值在全球范围有着沙尘源区指示的意义. 相似文献
322.
沙尘暴细颗粒物对大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞钙水平和脂质过氧化的影响 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
2004年3月采集甘肃省武威市和内蒙古包头市正常良好天气、局地扬沙天气和沙尘暴天气的大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)样品,以不同浓度的细颗粒物悬液体外处理大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞后测定细胞内丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(IgSH)及胞质游离Ca^2 含量,并观察不同处理时间的细胞存活率.研究结果表明:(1)沙尘暴与非沙尘暴PM2.5均使细胞内MDA和Ca^2 含量升高、GSH含量下降,且对细胞毒性存在时间.效应和剂量.效应关系,(2)PM2.5对各指标的影响仅与处理剂量有关,而与样品种类无关.沙尘暴期间大气PM2.5浓度很高,因而沙尘暴PM2.5的危害作用不可忽视。 相似文献
323.
324.
本文对湿式脱硫除尘一体化设备的结构和性能进行了较为全面的分析,指出了该设备存在的诸多弊病,提出了解决方案--脱硫、除尘分体组合式的思路. 相似文献
325.
Windblown dust is known to impede visibility, deteriorate air quality and modify the radiation budget. Arid and semiarid areas with unpaved and unvegetated land cover are particularly prone to windblown dust, which is often attributed to high particulate matter (PM) pollution in such areas. Yet, windblown dust is poorly represented in existing regulatory air quality models. In a study by the authors on modeling episodic high PM events along the US/Mexico border using the state-of-the-art CMAQ/MM5/SMOKE air quality modeling system [Choi, Y.-J., Hyde, P., Fernando, H.J.S., 2006. Modeling of episodic particulate matter events using a 3D air quality model with fine grid: applications to a pair of cities in the US/Mexico border. Atmospheric Environment 40, 5181–5201], some of the observed PM10 NAAQS exceedances were inferred as due to windblown dust, but the modeling system was incapable of dealing with time-dependent episodic dust entrainment during high wind periods. In this paper, a time-dependent entrainment parameterization for windblown dust is implemented in the CMAQ/MM5/SMOKE modeling system with the hope of improving PM predictions. An approach for realizing windblown dust emission flux for each grid cell over the study domain on an hourly basis, which accounts for the influence of factors such as soil moisture content, atmospheric stability and wind speed, is presented in detail. Comparison of model predictions with observational data taken at a pair of US/Mexico border towns shows a clear improvement of model performance upon implementation of the dust emission flux parameterization. 相似文献
326.
Paula K. Hudson Mark A. Young Paul D. Kleiber Vicki H. Grassian 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2008,42(24):5991-5999
Simultaneous size distributions and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) extinction spectra have been measured for several representative components of mineral dust aerosol (quartz, calcite, and dolomite) in the fine particle size mode (D=0.1–1 μm). Optical constants drawn from the published literature have been used in combination with the experimentally determined size distributions to simulate the extinction spectra. In general, Mie theory does not accurately reproduce the peak position or band shape for the prominent IR resonance features in the 800–1600 cm−1 spectral range. The resonance peaks in the Mie simulation are consistently blue shifted relative to the experimental spectra by 20–50 cm−1. Spectral simulations, derived from a simple Rayleigh-based analytic theory for a “continuous distribution of ellipsoids” particle shape model, better reproduce the experimental spectra, despite the fact that the Rayleigh approximation is not strictly satisfied in these experiments. These results differ from our previous studies of particle shape effects in silicate clay mineral dust aerosols where a disk-shaped model for the particles was found to be more appropriate. 相似文献
327.
Spalinger SM von Braun MC Petrosyan V von Lindern IH 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,130(1-3):57-72
House dust has been identified as a major exposure medium for lead (Pb) in children. High levels of Pb in soil and house dust
have been recorded at the Bunker Hill Superfund Site (BHSS) in northern Idaho, an historic mining and smelting district. Soil
and dust remediation at the site was required; however, regional background soil and dust Pb levels had not been well characterized.
The objective of this survey was to determine background house dust Pb levels and to compare those levels with concentrations,
and dust and Pb loading rates measured at the BHSS. Soil and house dust samples were collected in five towns demographically
similar to the BHSS but unaffected by the mining industry. The background concentrations and loading rates were significantly
lower than those observed at the site. House age was a significant factor affecting background soil and house dust Pb concentrations
and loading rates. 相似文献
328.
329.
随着环境问题日渐突出,地表灰尘重金属污染日益成为研究热点。单纯采用化学方法监测重金属污染具有一定局限性,环境磁学方法以其简便、快捷、经济且无害化的特点在城市重金属污染研究中广为应用。通过文献调研,综述环境磁学在城市地表灰尘重金属污染研究中的应用与研究进展,阐明重金属的主要来源,简述环境磁学的诸多参数,分析磁学参数与重金属的关系,并通过对比不同的磁学分析方法,探讨环境磁学方法在城市地表灰尘重金属污染研究中存在的问题及其发展趋势。 相似文献
330.