紊流状态下高梯度磁净化除尘效率研究

根据粉尘颗粒层表面过滤的"尘滤尘"现象,分析了高梯度磁净化除尘过程,建立了轴向饱和堆集模型,推导出紊流状态下粉尘的分级除尘效率计算式,在一定程度上反映了影响除尘效率的一些因素,对其进行试验研究具有一定的理论指导意义.     

锅炉烟尘监测的质量控制

通过对影响锅炉烟尘监测每一个环节的分析,才能做到对烟尘监测的质量控制。     

高炉出铁口烟尘捕集技术浅析

介绍了高炉出铁口烟尘捕集的重要性和困难性,分析和比较了三种主要大型高炉出铁口烟尘捕集方式的特点,指出了其发展趋势。     

上海城市地表灰尘重金属污染粒级效应与生物有效性

以上海中心城区为例,在分析地表灰尘重金属污染粒级效应基础上,研究重金属赋存形态及其生物有效性.结果表明,地表灰尘平均中值粒径为132 μm,低于75 μm粒径级别颗粒物占有最大的体积含量.重金属污染显示出明显的粒级效应,随着粒径降低,重金属含量呈现明显的增加趋势,150 μm和75 μm是主要级别,其中<75 μm颗粒物污染物含量依次为Cr>Pb>Cd>Zn>Ni>Cu.对地表灰尘重金属赋存形态研究表明,Zn以碳酸盐态为主;Ni以残渣态为主;Pb主要为铁锰结合态存在,Cu和Cd则以有机态为主;Cr主要以残渣态存在.重金属活性形态比例依次为Zn>Pb>Ni>Cd>Cu>Cr.与国外城市相比,上海城市地表灰尘Zn、Pb和Ni生物活性比例较大,而Cu和Cd活性比例相对较低,Cr活性水平与其它城市相当,环境危害相对最小.     

艾比湖干涸湖底化学组成及盐尘的风运堆积

选择亚洲中部典型干涸尾闾湖——艾比湖干涸湖底及其下风向约200km的范围为研究区,并把研究区分为干涸湖底风蚀区和盐尘扩散堆积区两个子区.通过对两子区连续多年野外实地观测、采样分析、定点试验等手段,研究了干涸湖底表层沉积物的化学组成、湖底风蚀动态和盐尘的扩散堆积规律.结果表明,艾比湖干涸湖底不同地表形态(结晶盐壳、盐-淤泥-黏土壳、风蚀堆积壳)间可溶性盐含量差异显著,盐类混合物中以硫酸盐和氯化物为主,二者基本占全部可溶性盐的90%,碳酸盐含量甚微.春秋两季是湖底风蚀和盐碱尘暴的高发期,盐分堆积动态与风期变化一致,春、秋两季大风期,降尘中盐通量最高;冬、夏两季降尘中盐通量较低.干涸湖底下风向盐尘的堆积强度以精河为中心分别向西北和东北方向递减,盐尘在风运过程中表现出显著的分异规律,硫酸盐比氯化物具有更远距离的迁移能力.     

Element and mineral characterization of dust emission from the saline land at Songnen Plain, Northeastern China

Recent observations of Asian dust storms show an eastern expansion of the source area to degraded lands, where dust emissions have been little studied. The dust concentrations over the saline land of the western Songnen Plain (SSL), Northeastern China, are circumstantially higher than those from the northwestern Chinese deserts. These concentrations are sensitive to the surface soil conditions and wind velocity on the ground. The dust samples collected during dust storm events on the SSL contain abundant Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Fe and Ti, as well as toxic elements such as Cu, V, Zn and Ba. Individual particle analysis reveals that fine saline particles (< 10 μm in diameter) on the saline land, consisting largely of carbonate, halite and sulfate together with lithogenic minerals such as SiO₂ and aluminosilicate, are eventually uplifted during the interval from spring to autumn. The predominantly fine saline particles uplifted from the SSL are likely transported eastward by the winter monsoon circulation and westerlies. Recent degradation of saline lands in Northeastern China would not only increase the frequency of dust storm events in the downwind area, but also might change the chemical composition of the Asian dust emissions.     

Distribution characteristics of total mercury and methylmercury in the topsoil and dust of Xiamen, China

The levels and distribution of mercury (Hg) species, including total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the topsoil and dust collected from twenty sampling stations located in di erent land function areas of Xiamen, China, were investigated. The THg concentrations in topsoil ranged from 0.071 to 1.2 mg/kg, and in dust ranged from of 0.034 to 1.4 mg/kg. For stations where the THg of dust was less than 0.31 mg/kg, THg concentrations in the topsoil were significantly correlated to those in the corresponding dust (r = 0.597, n = 16, P = 0.014). The MeHg concentrations in topsoil were varied between 0.14 and 5.7 g/kg. The ratios of MeHg/THg in the topsoil ranged from 0.069% to 0.74%. The range of MeHg concentration in the dust were 0.092–2.3 g/kg. The ratios of MeHg/THg in the dust were at the same level as those in the topsoil. The MeHg concentrations in both topsoil and dust were linked to corresponding THg concentrations and soil organic matter. Neither THg nor MeHg concentration in the topsoil and dust was obviously linked to the land function.     

Clogging processes caused by biofilms growth and organic particles accumulation in lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands

The accumulation of organic matter in substratum pores is regarded as an important factor causing clogging in the subsurface flow constructed wetlands.In this study,the developing process of clogging separately caused by biofilm growth and organic particles accumulation instead of total organic matter accumulation was investigated in two groups of lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) fed with glucose (dissolved organic matter) and starch (particulate organic matter) influent.Results showed that the growth of biofilms within the substratum pores certainly caused remarkable reduction of effective porosity,especially for the strong organic wastewater,whereas its influence on infiltration rate was negligible.It was implied that the most important contribution of biofilm growth to clogging is accelerating the occurrence of clogging.In comparison with biofilm growth,particles accumulation within pores could rapidly reduce infiltration rate besides effective porosity and the clogging occurred in the upper 0-15 cm layer.With approximately equal amount of accumulated organic matter,the effective porosity of the clogged layer in starch-fed systems was far less than that of glucose-fed systems,which indicated that composition and accumulation mode of the accumulated organic matter played an important role in causing clogging besides the amount.According to the results,some related methods to prevent and recover the clogging phenomenon were suggested.     

关于改进麻石水膜除尘脱硫技术的探讨

锅炉除尘技术很多,近年来麻石水膜式除尘器得到了广泛的应用,同时麻石水膜除尘器技术也不断得到进步,从技术方案创新和工艺改进方面都取得了很大的成绩,值得我们去总结和探讨。     

对选矿厂生产性粉尘的治理措施

本文介绍了某钢选矿厂破碎车间治理粉尘污染所采用的密闭、加湿机械除尘、改造除尘器、高压静电除尘及湿式除尘等方法收到的效果,