便携式水质采样器的研制与应用

本文阐述了一种新型便携式水质采样器（实用新型专利ZL20082004001．9）的研制过程。介绍了采样器的工作原理、结构组成、技术特点,分析了其适用性。该采样器的主要优点是便携性好,使用方便,采样定位准确,所采水样均匀性好,并有效解决了低水位排污口的采样难题。     

A directional passive air sampler for monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air mass

A passive air sampler was developed for collecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air mass from various directions. The airflow velocity within the sampler was assessed for its responses to ambient wind speed and direction. The sampler was examined for trapped particles, evaluated quantitatively for influence of airflow velocity and temperature on PAH uptake, examined for PAH uptake kinetics, calibrated against active sampling, and finally tested in the field. The airflow volume passing the sampler was linearly proportional to ambient wind speed and sensitive to wind direction. The uptake rate for an individual PAH was a function of airflow velocity, temperature and the octanol-air partitioning coefficient of the PAH. For all PAHs with more than two rings, the passive sampler operated in a linear uptake phase for three weeks. Different PAH concentrations were obtained in air masses from different directions in the field test.     

Field monitoring of volatile organic compounds using passive air samplers in an industrial city in Japan

Highly portable, sensitive, and selective passive air samplers were used to investigate ambient volatile organic compound (VOC) levels at multiple sampling sites in an industrial city, Fuji, Japan. We determined the spatial distributions of 27 species of VOCs in three campaigns: Mar (cold season), May (warm season), and Nov (mild season) of 2004. In all campaigns, toluene (geometric mean concentration, 14.0microg/m3) was the most abundant VOC, followed by acetaldehyde (4.76microg/m3), and formaldehyde (2.58microg/m3). The spatial distributions for certain VOCs showed characteristic patterns: high concentrations of benzene and formaldehyde were typically found along major roads, whereas high concentrations of toluene and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) were usually found near factories. The spatial distribution of PCE observed was extremely consistent with the diffusion pattern calculated from Pollutant Release and Transfer Register data and meteorological data, indicated that passive air samplers are useful for determining the sources and distributions of ambient VOCs.     

Atmospheric bulk deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the vicinity of an iron and steel making plant

An IRA-743 resin bulk sampler was validated to monitor long-term bulk deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Six consecutive sampling campaigns (2008-2009) were conducted at four sites around steel complexes in Pohang, South Korea to investigate spatial and seasonal variations of PCDD/F bulk deposition. The bulk deposition within the steel complex showed the highest ∑_4-8PCDD/F (Tetra-Octa) fluxes, ranging from 204 to 608 (mean: 352) pg m⁻² d⁻¹, indicating steel complexes were major sources of PCDD/Fs. The homologue profiles were dominated with lower chlorinated PCDFs. Furthermore, the prevailing winds were confirmed to influence the spatial distribution of PCDD/F deposition. There were apparent seasonal variations of the bulk deposition at each site, and seasonal homologue patterns of PCDD/Fs were clearly observed. According to the passive air sampling, however, no significant seasonal change of ambient air concentrations of PCDD/Fs was observed. Therefore, it was concluded that the seasonal variations of deposition fluxes of PCDD/Fs probably resulted from temperature-dependent gas/particle partitioning.     

北京清洁区大气颗粒物污染特征及长期变化趋势

清洁对照区表征了区域环境的影响,是全面评价城市大气环境质量变化的基础.本研究分析了北京清洁区定陵不同粒径颗粒物质量的历史监测数据,包括1980～2009年大气降尘、1991～2009年总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、2000～2009年可吸入颗粒物(PM10).结果表明,北京清洁区大气颗粒物总体呈下降趋势,年际短期变化受沙尘天...     

被动采样监测珠江三角洲NOx、SO2和O3的空间分布特征

为获得珠江三角洲区域污染特征,采用被动扩散采样技术,在珠江三角洲200 km×200 km网格区域内测量11月两周暴露的NO2、SO2和O3浓度水平,采用克里格空间插值法(Kriging)获取NOx、SO2和O3的空间分布特征,并与源清单和已有模型结果比对.采用反向轨迹方法模拟了O3的输送途径.结果表明,采样期间珠江三...     

呼和浩特市大气降尘磁学特征及其环境意义

应用环境磁学方法研究了呼和浩特市及其对照点大气降尘样品的环境磁学特征,同时与西北地区两大典型污染城市—乌鲁木齐、兰州进行对比,探讨了环境磁学在大气污染监测和来源解析方面的应用.结果表明,两地样品磁学特征均受磁铁矿控制,磁性矿物为假单畴和多畴颗粒;与对照点相比,呼和浩特样品磁性矿物的含量较高,颗粒较细.通过降尘污染的季节变化对比可知,呼和浩特大气污染受到自然因素和人类活动的共同影响.相对于磁化率(χlf)而言,饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)能更好地反映呼和浩特大气污染状况,可作为大气降尘磁性特征的有效指示器.与乌鲁木齐和兰州相比,呼和浩特逆温强度较大,但大气污染程度相对较低,暗示人类活动对大气污染起到主导作用.     

被动式采样器在大区域大气VOC监测中的应用

应用VOC被动式采样器监测了地中海东部塞浦路斯岛大气中挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds,VOC)的浓度。通过岛上设置的80个VOC采样点对苯,甲苯,对、邻、间二甲苯(Benzene、Toluene、o-xylene、m,p-xylene,BTX)数次采样及分析结果表明,其被动采样器中BTX回收率>95%,BTX平行实验的相对标准偏差<6.28%,采样和分析方法准确。得到的污染物分布图较准确地反映了塞浦路斯岛实际污染情况。     

水和废水中含油水样的成套采集技术研究──一种新型适用的含油水样采样器

在查阅大量文献的基础上,分析总结了现有采样器的优缺点,并依据采集有代表性含油水样的理论要求,设计制作了一种独具特色而又科学适用的新型合油水样采样器。本采样器可用于采集含油水样和其它水样。     

自动跟踪动压平衡烟尘采样仪的研制

ＧＭ１００Ｃ动压平衡自动跟踪烟尘采样仪,跟踪精度高,响应时间快,无需换孔板,只要拨动波段开关就可换采样嘴。