高温脱氨-吹脱法处理高浓度氨氮废水的工程实践

对于氨氮含量在1000．00mg／L-2500．00mg／L以内一般意义上的高浓度氨氮废水,采用普通的吹脱法基本可达到出水要求;对于氨氮含量在9000．00mg／L以上,CODCr浓度在25000．00mg／L～30000．00mg／L以上的高浓度染料化工废水,此法则不能达到预期效果,而采用高温脱氨-吹脱法处理,其处理出水氨氮浓度达到300．00mg／L以下,CODCr浓度达到5000．00mg／L～9000．00mg／L以下,即废水氨氮去除率在95％以上,CODCr的去除率也可达60％以上。工程实践表明,该系统具有去除效率高,操作简单方便,占地面积小,系统运行稳定的优点。     

菌株Sphingomonas sp. FL降解溴氨酸的特性研究

分离了1株溴氨酸降解菌,其可以溴氨酸为唯一碳源进行降解并使其脱色,通过16S rRNA基因序列比较和生理生化特性分析,将其归为鞘氨醇单胞菌属.溴氨酸降解和菌株生长的最适条件为：温度30℃,pH 7.0,摇床转速100 r/min ,(NH₄)₂SO₄作为氮源,在此条件下,溴氨酸（100 mg/L）在14 h内的脱色率可达99%.低浓度NaCl（<2%）对脱色有促进作用,而高浓度NaCl（≥2%）对脱色产生抑制.以Haldane底物抑制模型表征溴氨酸初始浓度对脱色的影响,确定当初始浓度为1 393.5 mg/L 时可取得最佳比降解速率1.4 h^-1.菌株不能将溴氨酸完全矿化,至反应终点52.4%的有机碳得到去除.利用GC-MS和HPLC-MS分析代谢产物显示,溴氨酸降解的中间产物是邻苯二甲酸,终产物可能为2-氨基-3-羟基-5-溴苯磺酸或2-氨基-4-羟基-5-溴苯磺酸,邻苯二甲酸可经3,4-二羟基苯甲酸途径进一步降解而被菌体利用.     

有机/无机复合絮凝剂对印染废水的脱色

聚合氯化铝与阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺复合,用于多种模拟染料废水絮凝脱色,考察影响PAM/PAC对染料的絮凝脱色的因素,采用可视化技术分析絮凝出现时间及絮凝过程特点。PAM/PAC复合絮凝剂的脱色率普遍高于单纯的PAC对染料的脱色效率;絮凝过程均在酸性环境中脱色效率较高;复合絮凝剂能使絮凝体的尺寸显著增加;对偶氮染料,复合絮凝剂能使絮凝体出现时间缩短约50.0%,而对蒽醌染料絮凝体出现时间则仅缩短18.2%。     

Electrochemical reduction in vat dyeing: greener chemistry replaces traditional processes

In application of vat dyes the substitution of non-regenerable reducing agents such as Na₂S₂O₄ by cathodically regenerable reducing agents offers great ecological advantages. In a demonstration project a 45 A multi-cathode electrolyser successfully was coupled to a dyeing apparatus for package dyeing with a capacity of 1–10 kg material. Iron-complexes with triethanolamine and Na-d-gluconate were used as cathodically regenerable reducing agents. Dyebath regeneration was performed by ultrafiltration. Substantial reduction in chemical consumption and reduction in wastewater volume, released from the dyeing process could be demonstrated. Quality of dyeings was assessed with regard to levelness and iron content analysed in the dyed samples.     

Fenton试剂处理水中偶氮染料的影响因素研究

以水溶液中偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B为目标物,通过废水色度的变化考察了过氧化氢、亚铁离子投加量和pH值对废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明:当染料浓度为200mg/L,pH值为4.0,FeSO4为0.10mmol/L,H2O2为1.2mmol/L时反应30min后,活性艳红X-3B的色度去除率达到最大值,为88.9%,处理效果较好。     

DTT对三苯基甲烷染料脱色的研究

研究了二硫苏糖醇(dithiothreitol,DTT)对三苯基甲烷染料的还原脱色作用.以孔雀石绿为代表,优化了反应体系中DTT的用量,目的是考察孔雀石绿和DTT之间的定量关系,并明确DTT对孔雀石绿的脱色能力.分析了反应体系pH值对DTT还原力的影响.结果表明,在pH值>5的反应体系中,平均每1 mol DTT可在1 min内脱色4 mol孔雀石绿,脱色率高达97%.脱色产物经HPLC分析表明,孔雀石绿被DTT还原脱色为隐色孔雀石绿.隐色孔雀石绿可继续与氧化态的DTT结合成为水不溶性的络合物,形成白色沉淀.DTT对结晶紫、灿烂绿及碱性品红的脱色作用均达到85%以上,以此确定DTT是一类广谱的三苯基甲烷类染料脱色剂.     

活性炭催化过二硫酸盐降解水中AO7

过二硫酸盐（persulfate,PS）活化技术是基于硫酸根自由基（SO 4^-.）的一种新型高级氧化技术.用颗粒状活性炭（GAC）常温常压下直接非均相催化PS来降解水中难生化偶氮染料AO7（acid orange 7）.结果表明,GAC/PS体系对AO7不但能够快速脱色,而且有较高的矿化率.n（PS）∶n（AO7）为...     

Role of quantum dots nanoparticles in the chemical treatment of colored wastewater: Catalysts or additional pollutants

The objective of the study was to investigate the presence and the activity of quantum dots nanoparticles in colored wastewaters. The special interest is devoted to the investigation of their role in the typical treatment of water or wastewater, studying their influence on the effectiveness of applied treatments methods. The standard chemical processes for water treatment and disinfection (direct UV photolysis and direct ozonation) were applied for the degradation of colored organic pollutant, reactive azo dye, in the presence/absence of CdSe/ZnS core-shells quantum dots. The obtained results indicated that investigated nanoparticles inhibit the overall efficiency of applied processes, especially in the case of direct UV photolysis, although catalytic effect might be expected in part due to the semiconductor nature of quantum dots. Such results lead to a conclusion that CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles behave as additional pollutants in the system. They should be removed from the system prior the treatment, because their presence could decrease the efficiency, i.e., prolong the time of treatment and correspondingly increase the costs of the treatment process.     

肠杆菌对偶氮染料活性黑5的脱色研究

从实验室处理印染废水的改良厌氧-缺氧-好氧系统的活性污泥中分离出对偶氮染料具有脱色活性的菌体,研究了不同pH值、脱色温度、接菌量以及装液量等条件对菌株降解活性黑5的影响,并设计正交实验,获得其降解模拟偶氮染料废水的最佳反应条件.研究结果表明,菌株Enterobacter sp.Gl在30℃、pH为6、装液量为100 m...     

环糊精多孔聚合物对水中染料分子的吸附性能及主客效应

环糊精能够与多种有机污染物形成主-客体包合物,对去除水中种类复杂的染料分子具有独特的优势.利用刚性交联剂交联制备出了环糊精多孔聚合物(P-CDP),借助FT-IR、XPS、SEM和BET等技术对P-CDP结构进行表征,采用等温吸附和动力学吸附实验研究P-CDP对染料的吸附过程,并通过竞争实验探究P-CDP对水中染料分子...