Using multivariate regression modeling for sampling and predicting chemical characteristics of mixed waste in old landfills

Municipal solid waste landfills pose a threat on environment and human health, especially old landfills which lack facilities for collection and treatment of landfill gas and leachate. Consequently, missing information about emission flows prevent site-specific environmental risk assessments. To overcome this gap, the combination of waste sampling and analysis with statistical modeling is one option for estimating present and future emission potentials. Optimizing the tradeoff between investigation costs and reliable results requires knowledge about both: the number of samples to be taken and variables to be analyzed.This article aims to identify the optimized number of waste samples and variables in order to predict a larger set of variables. Therefore, we introduce a multivariate linear regression model and tested the applicability by usage of two case studies. Landfill A was used to set up and calibrate the model based on 50 waste samples and twelve variables. The calibrated model was applied to Landfill B including 36 waste samples and twelve variables with four predictor variables.The case study results are twofold: first, the reliable and accurate prediction of the twelve variables can be achieved with the knowledge of four predictor variables (Loi, EC, pH and Cl). For the second Landfill B, only ten full measurements would be needed for a reliable prediction of most response variables. The four predictor variables would exhibit comparably low analytical costs in comparison to the full set of measurements. This cost reduction could be used to increase the number of samples yielding an improved understanding of the spatial waste heterogeneity in landfills.Concluding, the future application of the developed model potentially improves the reliability of predicted emission potentials. The model could become a standard screening tool for old landfills if its applicability and reliability would be tested in additional case studies.     

石化行业的VOCs排放控制管理

概述了我国挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的排放情况。介绍了国内外VOCs的管理现状。分析了国内石化行业VOCs排放控制管理中存在的主要问题以及污染物排放过程的类别。提出了明确定义、制定相关标准、完善分类管理体系、研究最佳的可行性控制技术等加强VOCs排放控制管理的对策和建议。     

Combined effect of diuron and simazine on photosystem II photochemistry in a sandy soil and soil amended with solid olive-mill waste

Diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- = 1,1-dimethylurea) and simazine (6-chloro-N ², N ⁴-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) are soil-applied herbicides used in olive crops. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of these herbicides on Photosystem II photochemistry of Olea europaea L., and whether the amendment of soil with an organic waste (OW) from olive oil production industry modifies this effect. For this purpose, herbicide soil adsorption studies, with unamended and OW-amended soil, and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements in adult olive leaves, after one, two and three weeks of soil herbicide treatment and/or OW amendment, were performed. Soil application of these herbicides reduced the efficiency of Photosystem II photochemistry of olive trees due to chronic photoinhibition, and this effect is counterbalanced by the addition of OW to the soil. OW reduces herbicide uptake by the plant due to an increase in herbicide adsorption.     

城市居民交通方式选择及其影响因素分析——以南京市为例

随着我国城市化水平的提高,城市交通能源消费占总能源消费的比重逐渐增大,交通方式选择及其影响因素研究引起广泛关注。本研究通过调查南京居民出行交通方式,并通过多项logit模型(multinomial logit model),探究影响居民交通选择的关键因素,为城市交通政策的制定提供科学依据,并根据估算结果分析不同政策下交通方式改变带来的节能减排效应。结果显示:出行特性(如出行距离)、出行者的个人特征(如性别、年龄、职业)与出行者的家庭特征(如是否有私家车,是否有小孩)都对交通方式选择有显著影响。如果通过有效的交通政策引导,使私家车出行转变为轨道交通出行,南京每天大约可减少1573.5吨碳排放。     

煤炭企业发展低碳经济的动力机制

将影响煤炭企业发展低碳经济的动力因素分为四大类,包括4个拉力因素、1个支撑因素、2个压力因素和4个推动力因素。设计了煤炭企业发展低碳经济的动力机制模型,在分析各个动力因素的基础上,构建了煤炭企业发展低碳经济的拉力机制模型、支撑机制模型、压力机制模型和推动力机制模型。     

电能表电磁兼容辐射干扰问题探讨

本文首先概述了我国的电能表市场,进而引出电磁兼容(EMC)的问题;通过针对两个典型电磁兼容辐射骚扰问题提出了详细的分析和解决方案。     

我国非火电烟气脱硫行业发展综述

综述了我国非火电烟气脱硫行业的发展概况,介绍了行业目前采用的主要技术,分析了行业的市场特点及存在的主要问题,并对行业的发展进行了展望。     

中原油田开展清洁生产工作的几点体会

中原油田自2008年以来全面推行清洁生产工作,取得了丰硕的成果。文章结合中原油田实施清洁生产的实际,论述了中原油田有效开展清洁生产审核、建立清洁生产长效机制的一些经验和实际做法。中原油田经过努力,油区环境质量得到改善,为构建资源节约型、环境友好型企业奠定了基础。     

PM2.5在线监测技术概述

针对PM2.5颗粒物监测技术和PM2.5的监测网络的建设,重点介绍了美国多年来对PM2.5的监测状况,以及采用的Beta射线法、Beta射线光浊度法、微量振荡天平法等监测技术的方法和原理;指出综合国内外多年的监测经验,PM2.5的在线监测需要经过大量手工经典方法数据作为比对和校验,才能给出有效而高质量的PM2.5监测数据。     

基于RS和GIS的山东省17城市生态环境质量动态变化研究

运用遥感动态监测与地理信息系统技术相结合的方法,以2005年和2009年遥感解译数据、土地侵蚀数据及环境统计数据为数据源,依据《生态环境状况评价技术规范(试行)》(HJ/T192-2006),对山东省17个城市生态环境质量现状及动态变化趋势进行了评价。结果表明:2009年17个城市生态环境状况指数在59.81～78.08之间,生态环境质量状况总体良好;2005-2009年17城市生态环境状况指数变化值在0.06～3.5之间,生态环境质量状况基本稳定。