穗花狐尾藻化感作用对铜绿微囊藻光合效率的影响

共培养条件下,采用叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数研究穗花狐尾藻分泌的化感物质对铜绿微囊藻光合效率的影响,其中叶绿素荧光参数包括qN（非化学淬灭）、YⅡ（有效量子效率）、Fv/Fm（最大量子产量）、F＇v/F＇m（光系统Ⅱ有效量子产量）和快速光响应曲线.3 d共培养处理期间,铜绿微囊藻叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数都受到不同程度...     

环境-经济系统双向控制模型的辨识

运用系统模型的辨识方法,讨论了环境-经济系统双向控制模型的辨识问题,重点探讨了这类模型体系中的最优控制模型,其途径是采用大系统建模思想.即在对大系统结构分析基础上,通过分解把整体建模转化为易于处理的子系统建模,再通过建立关联模型,得到整体模型,并进一步简化和进行参数辨识.     

一种改进的边界层参数化模式

在能量平衡方法的基础上提出一套利用常规气象资料求取边界层参数的改进方案。利用中国科学院大气物理研究所铁塔观测资料,与廓线法进行对比分析,表明这种方案具有输入要求少,输出信息量大,结果合理的优点。此外,对此方案中的4个可变参数作了敏感性试验,结果表明湿度变化参数α的敏感性较强,在使用时应当合理选择其数值。该方案可以满足新一代空气质量模式对边界层参数化的需求。同时,由于仅需常规气象资料就能求取所有的边界层参数,因此特别适合于空气质量模式的法规应用。     

草原沙化和人工固沙草地生态演替中昆虫群落多样性变化的数值分析

对宁夏沙坡头自然保护区不同沙化和人工固沙草地地段昆虫和植物群落特征参数、环境因子进行了调查．按不同营养层类群、栖息型类群和重要目分别进行了昆虫多样性变化规律的研究,应用主分量分析法和相关分析法,分析了草原沙化和人工固沙草地生态演替中昆虫不同类群多样性间以及多样性变化与植物、环境因子的关系．结果表明,昆虫多样性随草地沙化的加重而降低,以直翅目、膜翅目和食叶类群的下降率最大;随草地的恢复昆虫多样性趋于增加,以鳞翅目、同翅目、半翅目、脉翅目及捕食类群增长率为大．寄生类群和捕食类群多样性取决于植食类群多样性;杂食类群与地栖性类群成显著性相关．影响昆虫多样性变化的主要环境因子为植物种类、层次结构、盖度和表土层厚度、坚硬度等．     

间甲酚对杂色云芝(Coriolus versicolor)生长及产漆酶能力的影响

分别进行了间甲酚浓度为0mg·L-1,166 7mg·L-1和275mg·L-13种情况下的杂色云芝实罐发酵试验,定时测定了3种情况下菌丝干重(DC)、淀粉消耗、间甲酚降解和酶活性随时间的变化.在无间甲酚时,菌丝干重在188h达到最大值2600mg·L-1;在120h开始出现酶活,228h达到最大值82 15U·mL-1后,呈现一个稳定态势,不因衰亡期的到来而有较大幅度的变化.在加入166 7mg·L-1间甲酚时,菌丝干重在204h方达到最大值(995mg·L-1),且较无间甲酚时低得多(降低61 73%);在180h开始出现酶活,204h达到最大值(118 36U·L-1),并高出前者44 1%,此后也呈现一个稳定的态势.在加入间甲酚浓度为275mg·L-1时,菌丝干重在372h方达到最大值(320mg·L-1),但仅是无间甲酚的12 31%,间甲酚浓度为166 7mg·L-1时的32 16%;在264h开始出现酶活,396h达到最大值(112 8U·L-1),其酶活水平与间甲酚为166 7mg·L-1情况下的水平相当,这说明间甲酚可以诱导杂色云芝达到较高的产酶水平.研究发现在上述条件下杂色云芝生长的时间统计模型3种情况下的动力学模型可以用Logistic方程来模拟,即间甲酚的加入,并不改变其生长动力学模型;杂色云芝产漆酶的动力学模型在3种情况下可以分别用一级反应动力学方程描述;3种情况下,淀粉消耗均可以用Logistic模型来描述,从3个方     

有机物料对石灰性土壤磷素形态转化及吸附特性的影响研究

利用石灰性土壤,对猪粪(DR)、夏玉米秸秆(MR)和冬小麦秸秆(WR)单施或者与磷肥混施(在等磷量条件下)对土壤磷的吸附特性及其形态转化进行了为期15周的室内模拟培养研究.结果表明,无论是DR、MR和WR单施,还是有机物料与磷肥混施,都可以减少土壤对磷的吸附量,增加土壤磷的活性,其中有机物料单施处理的用NaHCO3或者NaOH提取的活性无机磷(Pi)和有机磷(Po)提高较大,顺序为:猪粪>夏玉米秸秆>冬小麦秸秆.夏玉米秸秆处理与对照(CK)相比NaHCO3提取的Pi、Po增加的量分别为6 0mg·kg-1,5 6mg·kg-1,NaOH提取的Po增加的量为12 7mg·kg-1,而猪粪处理与CK相比NaHCO3提取的Pi、Po增加的量分别为7 1mg·kg-1,5 4mg·kg-1,NaOH提取的Po增加的量为14 1mg·kg-1.通过Langmuir方程求得磷的最大吸附量(b)、磷吸附结合能常数(k)、磷素最大缓冲量(MPBC)、标准需磷量(SPR)的值,进一步说明了3种有机物料均可使土壤对磷的吸附能力降低,增加土壤中磷的活性.     

Risk assessment method of polyethylene dust explosion based on explosion parameters

The explosion characteristic parameters of polyethylene dust were systematically investigated. The variations in the maximum explosion pressure (P_max), explosion index (K_st), minimum ignition energy (MIE), minimum ignition temperature (MIT), and minimum explosion concentration (MEC) of dust samples with different particle sizes were obtained. Using experimental data, a two-dimensional matrix analysis method was applied to classify the dust explosion severity based on P_max and K_st. Then, a three-dimensional matrix was used to categorize the dust explosion sensitivity based on three factors: MIE, MIT, and MEC. Finally, a two-dimensional matrix model of dust explosion risk assessment was established considering the severity and sensitivity. The model was used to evaluate the explosion risk of polyethylene dust samples with different particle sizes. It was found that the risk level of dust explosion increased with decreasing particle size, which was consistent with the actual results. The risk assessment method can provide a scientific basis for dust explosion prevention in the production of polyethylene.     

Effects of Amazonian flying rivers on frog biodiversity and populations in the Atlantic rainforest

Given the speed at which humans are changing the climate, species with high degrees of endemism may not have time to avoid extinction through adaptation. We investigated through teleconnection analysis the origin of rainfall that determines the phylogenetic diversity of rainforest frogs and the effects of microclimate differences in shaping the morphological traits of isolated populations (which contribute to greater phylogenetic diversity and speciation). We also investigated through teleconnection analysis how deforestation in Amazonia can affect ecosystem services that are fundamental to maintaining the climate of the Atlantic rainforest biodiversity hotspot. Seasonal winds known as flying rivers carry water vapor from Amazonia to the Atlantic Forest, and the breaking of this ecosystem service could lead Atlantic Forest species to population decline and extinction in the short term. Our results suggest that the selection of morphological traits that shape Atlantic Forest frog diversity and their population dynamics are influenced by the Amazonian flying rivers. Our results also suggest that the increases of temperature anomalies in the Atlantic Ocean due to global warming and in the Amazon forest due to deforestation are already breaking this cycle and threaten the biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest hotspot.     

Effect of ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nicotine on the structure of Aβ42 protein

● B[a]P, nicotine and phenanthrene molecules altered the secondary structure of Aβ₄₂. ● β-content of the peptide was significantly enhanced in the presence of the PAHs. ● Nicotine made stable cluster with Aβ₄₂ peptide via hydrogen bonds. ● Phenanthrene due to its small size, interfered with the Aβ₄₂ monomer more strongly. Recent studies have correlated the chronic impact of ambient environmental pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, either by using statistical data from various cities, or via tracking biomarkers during in-vivo experiments. Among different neurodegenerative disorders, PAHs are known to cause increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease, related to the development of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide oligomers. However, the complex molecular interactions between peptide monomers and organic pollutants remains obscured. In this work, we performed an atomistic molecular dynamics study via GROMACS to investigate the structure of Aβ₄₂ peptide monomer in the presence of benzo[a]pyrene, nicotine, and phenanthrene. Interestingly the results revealed strong hydrophobic, and hydrogen-bond based interactions between Aβ peptides and these environmental pollutants that resulted in the formation of stable intermolecular clusters. The strong interactions affected the secondary structure of the Aβ₄₂ peptide in the presence of the organic pollutants, with almost 50 % decrease in the α-helix and 2 %–10 % increase in the β-sheets of the peptide. Overall, the undergoing changes in the secondary structure of the peptide monomer in the presence of the pollutants under the study indicates an enhanced formation of Aβ peptide oligomers, and consequent progression of Alzheimer’s disease.     

兰州市郊红砂种群数量动态与分布格局

对兰州市南北两山天然分布的红砂种群数量动态和空间分布格局进行研究。利用地径回归得到红砂种群年龄结构,编制静态生命表,进行生存分析及谱分析,计算红砂种群年龄结构动态指数,以揭示种群数量动态特征;采用扩散系数、负二项指数、平均拥挤度、聚块性指数、扩散型指数、丛生指数、Cassie指数和Green指数8个分布指标判断红砂种群时空尺度上的格局类型。结果表明,南北两山红砂种群密度、盖度适宜,动态指数均大于0,呈现增长型,并存在明显的周期性;种群以中幼龄植株为主体,各龄级的死亡率基本平稳,但在第Ⅱ过渡到第Ⅲ龄级时,出现死亡高峰,存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅲ型。种群时空异质性明显,阳坡的红砂种群呈现聚集分布,阴坡则多呈现均匀分布;不同发育阶段红砂种群分布格局呈现明显递变规律,幼龄阶段聚集度高,随着年龄增大,聚集性大幅减弱。