环洞庭湖区水资源供需系统仿真及优化决策研究

论文运用系统分析的理论与方法,分析环洞庭湖区水资源供需系统的特征和各要素之间的相互作用,建立水资源供需系统模型,仿真模拟传统发展模式、发展经济型模式、节水型模式和协调型模式等四种不同情景下,2010-2030年环洞庭湖区水资源供需变化趋势.结果表明:①随着经济的发展和人口的增长,环洞庭湖区水资源供需矛盾十分突出;②在协调型模式下,模拟期末环洞庭湖区总需水量达到159.1×10⁸ m³,供需缺口最大值出现在2020年,为1.9×10⁸ m³,到2030年水资源供给能力约有3.6×10⁸ m³富余,模拟期内水资源供给基本能够满足社会经济发展的需求,且能够获得最大的综合效益,是环洞庭湖区水资源开发利用的最佳方案;③为了达到预期目标,还需增强节水意识、完善用水管理、优化经济结构,加大水利投入和环境整治,提高节水技术水平和水利保障水平.     

Contamination levels and state assessment in the lakes of the Oliveri-Tindari Lagoon (North-Eastern Sicily,Italy)

The Oliveri-Tindari Lagoon, located in North-Eastern Sicily (Italy) and composed of six lakes, is subject to continuous environmental changes. An integrated study focusing on sediment features and levels of contamination was carried out for three of the six lakes, which are of ancient origin: Verde, Mergolo della Tonnara and Marinello. A high primary production (26.89 μg l^?1) was detected at Lake Verde; texture classification showed a typical grain size in the sediments of all lakes; the study of macronutrients highlighted 17.08 of total carbon in sediments from Lake Mergolo della Tonnara; toxic elements were detected at higher concentrations in the sediments of Lake Marinello in comparison to the others, while arsenic was found in high concentrations in all the samples tested, especially in Lake Verde, with a mean value of 17.25 mg kg^?1 dry weight (d.w.). All the organic contaminants, except 4, 4′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, were below the detection limits in the sediments. Minimal microbiological contamination was found in both water and sediment samples. In the latter, we isolated several bacterial strains thriving in the presence of arsenic, which play a role in the biogeochemical cycle of arsenic. These preliminary results, obtained for the first time using a multidisciplinary approach, provide general information about the Oliveri-Tindari Lagoon area.     

Protective effects of curcumin on antioxidant status,body weight gain,and reproductive parameters in male rats exposed to subchronic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin (CUR) on antioxidant status, body weight (BW) gains, and some reproductive parameters in male rats exposed to subchronic doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups. The first group was kept as control. The second group (TCDD group) was given TCDD at a dose of 50 ng·kg^?1 BW per day; the third group (CUR group) was treated with CUR at a dose of 80 mg·kg^?1 BW per day. The fourth group (TCDD + CUR group) was given TCDD and CUR at the same doses simultaneously. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased in the TCDD group. In addition, TCDD exposure decreased liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activities of kidney and brain, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities of liver, kidney, and brain, and glutathione levels of liver, kidney, and heart. However, CUR treatment with TCDD exposure decreased MDA levels in all tissues and increased SOD activities of liver, kidney, and brain, CAT activity of heart, and GSH-Px activities of heart and brain. TCDD caused a decrease in BW gain, and CUR partially eliminated this effect of TCDD. In addition, while reproductive organ weights, sperm concentration, and sperm motility tended to decrease with TCDD exposure, these effects tended to be close to normal levels by CUR treatment. In conclusion, CUR was seen to be effective in the treatment and prevention of toxicity induced by subchronic TCDD exposure.     

Ecotoxicological effects of Trichloroethene upon plankton

A case study in an experimental pond was performed to evaluate the ecotoxic effects of Trichloroethene (TRI) upon the population density and productivity of phyto‐ and zooplankton. TRI was continuously released into two pond enclosures over 11 weeks (mean concentrations 1.5 and 7.5 mg/l). The chronic chemical treatment showed distinctive toxic influences upon the biota. Following the high TRI concentration, the phytoplankton density slightly increased; the productivity per single cells, however, was significantly reduced compared to the controls and the low TRI concentration. Cryptophyceae were the most sensitive algae taxa. The density and reproductivity of Daphniae and Phyllopodae decreased by the high TRI concentration. Most of the Rotatoriae were not negatively influenced. With increasing TRI concentrations two different bacteria forms showed a mass development. Small amounts of Trichloroacetic acid were detected in both enclosures as a conversion product of TRI (～3 μg/l after 80 days treatment).     

Effect of dietary Jatropha curcas seed meal on rabbits infested by adult ticks of Hyalomma marginatum marginatum

The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the oral administration of Jatropha curcas seed meal (JCSM) on serum biochemical parameters and histopathology of skin, liver, and kidney of rabbits experimentally infested by Hyalomma marginatum marginatum. Thirty healthy mixed-breed rabbits were randomly divided into five equal groups. The first group was kept as a control and fed soya bean meal. The remaining groups were fed diets containing 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, or 10% JCSM. At the sixth week, each group was divided into two subgroups. Ticks were introduced to all members of one subgroup, the other subgroup being kept as control. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for biochemical parameters before (zero time) and after the treatment, on the 6th and 8th weeks. Histopathological studies were conducted 8 weeks after the treatment. The results revealed that JCSM could be used in the treatment of ectoparasites at levels of less than 10% in the diet without any serious effects on liver and kidney functions.     

金莲木（Ochna integerrima（Lour．）Merr．）的生态生物学特征及其播种繁殖技术

金莲小（Ochnaintegerrima（Lour．）Merr．）足金莲术科落叫淞小或小乔小,址潜在的优良Ⅲ林绿化树种．文章从其形态解削特,其光合生理生态特征及播种繁殖技术方面进行了系统的研究。结果表明：金莲小为rft性偏阳性树种,光合速率LI进秤星单峰曲线,尤午休现象;其光饱和点（LSP）和I光补偿点（LCP）分别在800μmol·m^-2.s^-1及52．2μmol·m^-2．s^-1左右、在高于光饱和点的光强下,其叶片的光合速率并未出现叫娃下降趋势,州时还维持了较i舟的蒸腾速率,、金莲小叶绿素荧光参数显水其具有较高的能精利用效率,叶绿素a／b比值（5．677：1）略高于理论价（3：1）,表明它能有效吸收比能许传到光反应叭tl山。播种前金莲小种子宵进行浸泡处理,浸泡24h处理后足发芽率高日．发芽较早,播种住泷炭土中的种f较沙土中的种子发芽要甘H荫发周期短,但往沙土中播种的种子最终的发芽率耍相对较高。、㈧此,金莲l术适合生长存水热充沛、土壤十}1对JJ巴沃的热带亚热带地区,栽培时要尽量选择十层肥沃的壤土或砂质壤土。金莲术（Ochnaintegerrima（Lout．）Merr．）是金莲术科落叶灌本或小乔木,是潜在的优良冈林绿化树种。文章从其形态解剖特征、光合生理生态特征及播种繁殖技术方面进行了系统的研究。结果表明：金莲木为中性偏阳性树种,光合速率日进程呈单峰曲线,无午休现象;其光饱和点（LSP）和光补偿点（LCP）分别在800μmol·m^-2．s^-1及52．2μmol·m^-2．s^-1左右。在高于光饱和点的光强下,其叶片的光合速率并未出现明显下降趋势,同时还维持了较高的蒸腾速率。金莲术叶绿素荧光参数显示其具有较高的能量利用效率,叶绿素a／b比值（5．677：1）略高于理论值（3：1）,表明它能有效吸收光能并传到光反应中心。播种前金莲木种子宜进行浸泡处理,浸泡24h处理后其发芽率高且发芽较早,播种在泥炭土中的种子较沙土中的种子发芽要早且萌发周期短,但在沙土中播种的种子最终的发芽率要相对较高。因此,金莲木适合生长在水热充沛、土壤相对肥沃的热带亚热带地区,栽培时要尽量选择土层肥沃的壤土或砂质壤土。     

Post-seismic allocation of medical staff in the Longmen Shan fault area: case study of the Lushan Earthquake

In April 2013, a 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck along the Longmen Shan fault in the city of Ya'an, Sichuan province, China, causing 200 deaths, 11,470 injuries and 21 people to go missing. As no scientific disaster management studies have been done on medical staff dynamic behavior in the Longmen Shan fault area, this paper develops a system dynamics (SD) model to simulate the relief activities in the area after the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake shook Wenchuan County. Based on this SD model, the simulation showed that the results regarding the cumulative number of deaths and the final death toll fit the reality well for the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake in the Longmen Shan fault area. Findings from the simulation confirmed the best ratio of medical staff to rescue workers. After implementing the findings for the medical relief work at the 2013 Sichuan Lushan Earthquake, reasonable earthquake rescue policies were developed for the Longmen Shan fault area. The SD model demonstrated that it was possible to predict the optimum number of medical staff and that medical staff need to be trained to improve their treatment abilities. Furthermore, it is suggested that search and rescue workers should also assist in restoring road transport during any medical relief activities in the Longmen Shan fault area. These policies can be generalized to other earthquake relief activities in the Longmen Shan fault area as well as being a valuable reference for similar mountainous earthquake areas.     

苹果和土壤中丙森锌的消解动态及残留规律

研究了苹果和土壤中丙森锌残留的气相色谱分析方法,及其代谢物乙撑硫脲的高效液相色谱分析方法,并在天津、山东烟台和陕西咸阳进行了苹果和土壤中丙森锌及其代谢物乙撑硫脲残留消解动态和残留规律田间试验研究.结果表明,在0.05—2 mg.kg-1的加标水平下,苹果和土壤中丙森锌的加标回收率分别为77.12%—92.85%和9.24%—94.68%,变异系数分别为3.30%—6.56%和3.29%—5.29%;在0.05—1 mg.kg-1的加标水平下,苹果和土壤中乙撑硫脲的加标回收率分别为80.91%—97.47%和84.11%—99.97%,变异系数分别为3.23%—3.82%和2.80%—3.40%.苹果和土壤中丙森锌和乙撑硫脲的最小检出量分别为5.0×10-10g和1.0×10-10g,其中苹果和土壤中丙森锌的最低检出浓度为0.025 mg.kg-1,乙撑硫脲的最低检出浓度为0.005 mg.kg-1.按1.5倍推荐剂量600倍稀释液在苹果上施用65%戊唑醇.丙森锌可湿性粉剂1次,丙森锌在苹果和土壤中的残留消解半衰期分别为6.0—6.8 d和8.7—10.1 d.按推荐剂量和1.5倍推荐剂量在苹果上各施用65%戊唑醇.丙森锌可湿性粉剂3—4次,2次施药间隔为10 d,距最后一次施药21 d时,丙森锌在苹果中的最高残留量低于我国农业行业标准规定的最大残留限量2 mg.kg-1.     

系统动力学在空港区域规划环境影响评价中的应用

作为机场与城市间的过渡区,空港区域具有经济-社会-环境发展影响因素众多、变化快的特征.针对此,本文基于空港区域系统动力学模拟模型,结合类比法和情景分析法,用于空港区域不同发展方案的经济、社会、环境影响预测和评价.具体步骤包括:发展分析-影响识别-模型构建-零方案/规划方案模拟-替代方案设计-减缓措施,各步骤间动态反馈.对郑州航空港区进行案例研究,结果表明,相较于零方案,规划方案具有经济社会发展优、污染排放少的优点,但仍无法满足环境容量要求;设计了3种替代情景方案,据此提出产业结构优化、能源结构调整等减缓措施.     

液中膜MBR工艺在中水处理中的工程应用

液中膜MBR工艺是将膜分离技术与传统生化处理技术相结合的一种新型、高效的污水处理方法,具有出水水质好、设备占地面积小、活性污泥浓度高、剩余污泥量少等特点。采用该工艺对生活污水处理进行了工程应用,对工程设计运行参数和污染物去除机制进行研究,并进行技术经济分析。结果表明:出水COD、氨氮、SS等指标均优于GB/T18920—2002《城市污水再生利用——城市杂用水水质》要求,出水可回用于浇洒道路、绿化、冲厕等,并提出根据出水氨氮浓度的变化作为系统排泥的依据,有效地指导工程的稳定运行。