标贯试验N值与土体物理力学参数的相关性分析

以武汉某地铁工程为例,通过标贯试验和室内土工试验,对地基土标贯试验指标N值与土体部分物理力学参数的相关关系进行了研究,并给出了线性拟合关系式及其相关系数。结果表明:一般性黏土和老黏土的压缩模量、内聚力及内摩擦角,砂土的变形模量、承载力、内摩擦角、剪切波速及动弹模量都与标贯击数N值成正比关系;对于不同的地层类型,其拟合精度也有所区别,而对于该工程地基土,砂土的预测精度普遍高于黏土的预测精度。     

航天器动力学环境试验标准体系研究

文中主要论述了我国标准体系框架和分类及军用标准体系,研究了航天器环境工程标准体系及航天器动力学环境标准的发展及其与国外标准体系的关系,探讨了航天器动力学环境试验验证系统及验证标准的发展及作用,阐述了航天器力学环境试验标准与国外同行业的差距及发展方向。     

清洁生产减排潜力分析方法研究

分析了目前清洁生产减排潜力分析的四种方法,即效益分析、情景分析、最佳可行技术分析和生命周期评价,并总结了其各自的优缺点和适用性。同时针对我国目前清洁生产研究重点领域-流域/区域清洁生产来说,系统动力学是对清洁生产减排潜力进行分析的最好方法,其动态分析性不仅适用于流域/区域清洁生产这一动态系统,而且其仿真预测功能还将为流域/区域清洁生产的推进机制研究和驱动力分析提供科学依据。     

大鹏湾中表层沉积物的有害要素及其环境质量

依据20多个航次的调查资料,简要描述和分析了大鹏湾表层沉积物中8项有害要素多年的平均分布变化及其环境质量变化.结果表明:绝大多数表层沉积物中的有害要素含量在本湾的西部和北部沿岸区域明显偏高,这说明香港和深圳某些渠道的排放对沿岸区域造成了污染.9a调查期间,香港海区表层沉积物中Pb、Cu、Cr、A8和Hg含量的年际变化趋...     

基于系统动力学的湖泊营养物基准参照状态研究

湖泊营养物基准参照状态的科学合理确定是营养物基准制订的重要技术基础之一,以巢湖为例,基于系统动力学仿真模型,耦合了多种数学模型对湖泊营养物的产生、分布及输移进行系统仿真,并结合系统反演方法获得湖泊过去近50年不同水文条件下的各营养物浓度演化过程及湖泊富营养化水平.结果表明:经过试验校准的系统仿真模型能够较真实地反映湖泊...     

Simultaneous biodegradation of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds in a sequencing batch bioreactor

Many nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds (NACs), such as nitrobenzene (NB), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), aniline (AN), and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), are environmentally hazardous, and their removal from contaminated water is one of the main challenges facing wastewater treatment plants. In this study, synthetic wastewater containing NB, 4-NP, 2,4-DNP, and AN at concentrations ranging from 50 to 180 mg/L was fed into a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Analyses of the SBR system indicated that it simultaneously removed more than 99% of the NACs at loading rates of 0.36 kg NB/(m3·d), 0.3 kg 4-NP/(m3·d), 0.25 kg AN/(m3·d), and 0.1 kg 2,4-DNP/(m3·d). Bacterial groups of Bacteriodetes, Candidate division TM7, α-Proteobacteria, and β-Proteobacteria were dominant in the clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes retrieved from the microbial communities in the SBR system. "Cycle tests" designed to alter feeding and aeration parameters of the SBR system demonstrated that the resident microbial biome of the SBR system responded rapidly to changing conditions. Consumption of O2 was concomitant with the apparent mineralization of NACs. Aromatic ring-cleaving dioxygenase activities suggested that (1) AN and NB were degraded via catechol 2,3-dioxygenase; (2) 4-NP was degraded via 1,2,4-benzentriol 1,2-dioxygenase; and (3) 2,4-DNP was degraded via an unresolved pathway.     

Optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology for bioconversion of activated sludge by Penicillium corylophilum

The optimization of process parameters for the bioconversion of activated sludge by Penicillium corylophilum was investigated using response surface methodology （RSM）. The three parameters namely temperature of 33℃, agitation of 150 r/min, and pH of 5 were chosen as center point from the previous study of fungal treatment. The experimental data on chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal （%） were fitted into a quadratic polynomial model using multiple regression analysis. The optimum process conditions were determined by analyzing response surface three-dimensional surface plot and contour plot and by solving the regression model equation with Design Expert software. Box-Behnken design technique under RSM was used to optimize their interactions, which showed that an incubation temperature of 32.5℃, agitation of 105 r/min, and pH of 5.5 were the best conditions. Under these conditions, the maximum predicted yield of COD removal was 98.43%. These optimum conditions were used to evaluate the trail experiment, and the maximum yield of COD removal was recorded as 98.5%.     

Multi-indicator assessment of water environment in government environmental auditing

This study focused on a multi-indicator assessment methodology for governmental environmental auditing of water protection programs. The environmental status of Wuli Lake in China was assessed using the global indicators （driver-status-response） developed by the Commission on Sustainable Development, and four additional indicators proposed by the author： water quality, pollution load, aquatic ecosystem status, and lake sediment deposition. Various hydrological, chemical, biological and environmental parameters were used to estimate the values of the indicators for assessment of environmental status of the lake based on time series data sets for twenty years. The indicators proposed can be customized to meeting the needs for particular assessment of water protection programs. This method can be used to evaluate the performance of national environmental protection programs and provide technical support for environmental auditors.     

合流制排水系统溢流污染控制策略的系统动力学分析

为了探索城市合流制排水系统溢流污染的控制策略,基于合流制排水系统结构特征,应用系统动力学方法构建了溢流污染控制系统动力学模型。该模型分为污染源产生子系统、收集运输子系统、污水溢流子系统、污水处理子系统及受纳水体子系统5部分,每个子系统相互作用构成完整的系统动力学模型。将该模型应用于镇江市老城区合流制排水系统溢流污染控制规划,从排水系统的源-流-汇三方面(包括源头减污、过程控污、末端治污和综合集成),模拟分析各种溢流污染控制策略的效能。     

Cr(VI)对活性污泥硝化活性的抑制及在污泥中的分布特点

重金属铬(Cr(VI))是废水中常见的、困扰很多污水生物处理系统运行效果的污染物.本文通过静态试验和静态冲击试验,研究了Cr(VI)在活性污泥系统中的分布特点和对硝化效率、活性等的影响,并进行了模型分析.结果表明,活性污泥对Cr的吸附很快,但吸附量有限,Cr(VI)投加浓度为1、5、10和30 mg · L^-1的溶液中,Cr的12 h-吸附量分别为0.79、1.98、3.19和5.78 mg · g^-1.Cr(VI)投加到活性污泥混合液中后形态分为溶解态、可洗脱和不可洗脱态,可洗脱的Cr能够向不可洗脱态转变.Cr(VI)对活性污泥硝化活性的抑制程度随着Cr(VI)浓度的增大而提高.静态试验中,1、3、5、10和30 mg · L^-1 Cr(VI)对氨氮平均降解速率的抑制率分别为5.25%、9.80%、10.41%、17.54%和21.38%.Cr(VI)对微生物的抑制作用大小是:氨氧化菌 >亚硝酸盐氧化菌 >异养菌.模型分析发现,Cr(VI)对氨氧化菌和异养菌比耗氧速率的抑制符合Haldane动力学模型,属于非竞争性抑制.冲击试验表明Cr对硝化等的抑制主要是不可洗脱的Cr造成的,抑制效果的出现具有滞后性.