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91.
泉州市大气降尘中金属元素污染特征及来源解析 总被引:13,自引:6,他引:7
测定了泉州市不同功能区大气降尘中23种金属元素的含量,采用多种方法对其富集程度、污染水平及生态风险进行评价,并用多元统计分析法结合Pb、Sr同位素示踪对污染来源进行解析.结果表明:泉州市大气降尘中不同金属含量空间分布差异较大;富集因子和地累积指数表明,Cd、Hg、Zn、Ca、Pb、Cu、Ni、Sr的富集程度及污染水平相对较高;生态风险指数显示,所有功能区的多元素综合潜在生态风险程度极高,由高到低顺序为工业区交通繁忙区商业区居住区风景区农业区;Cd和Hg的潜在生态危害程度极高,二者对综合潜在生态风险指数的贡献达95.56%.多元统计分析结果表明,V、Fe、Ba、Bi、Ni、Sr、Pb、Cs、Sc、Zn、Cd主要来源于工业污染和交通排放,Th、U、Rb、Y、Ti主要来源于土壤尘,Li、Mn、Cu、Hg、Cr、Co、Ca主要来源于燃煤.铅同位素三元混合模型计算得到降尘中铅来源主要为土壤母质(29.41%~64.00%)、燃煤尘(22.53%~60.48%)和汽车尾气(3.13%~13.47%);87Sr/86Sr和1/Sr分布图显示降尘中锶来源主要为燃煤尘和汽车尾气. 相似文献
92.
流域氮污染的稳定同位素表征和溯源对于保障流域污染防控和用水安全具有重要意义,本文通过对感潮河段夏、秋季涨落潮主要断面硝态氮(NO3-)及稳定同位素(δ15N-NO3-、δ18O-NO3-、δD-H2O和δ18O-H2O)组成特征测定及沿线小流域的氮污染入河量测算,探讨了陆域氮排放和水体交换对感潮河段稳定同位素的影响.研究表明:(1)落潮、涨潮期NO3-均为“秋季>夏季”,δ15N-NO3-夏、秋两季组成特征基本相近.落潮期δ18O-NO3-为“夏季>秋季”,涨潮期则相反.同季节的NO3-及其同位素总体呈“涨潮期>落... 相似文献
93.
Seasonal and Flood‐Induced Variations in Groundwater–Surface Water Exchange in a Northern Coldwater Fishery
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Jenny L. Jasperson Karen B. Gran Joseph A. Magner 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(5):1109-1126
Groundwater upwelling is important to coldwater fisheries survival. This study used stable isotopes to identify upwelling zones within a watershed, then combined isotope analyses with reach‐scale monitoring to measure surface water–groundwater exchange over time. Research focused on Amity Creek, Minnesota, a basin that exemplifies conditions limiting coldwater species survival along Lake Superior's North Shore where shallow bedrock limits groundwater capacity, lowering baseflows and increasing temperatures. Groundwater‐fed reaches were identified through synoptic isotope sampling, with results highlighting the importance of isolated shallow surficial aquifers (glacially derived sands and gravels) for providing cold baseflow waters. In an alluvial reach, monitoring well results show groundwater was stored in two reservoirs: one that reacts quickly to changes in stream levels, and one that remained isotopically isolated under most flow conditions, but which helps sustain summer baseflows for weeks to months. A 500‐year flood demonstrated the capacity of high‐flow events to alter surface water–groundwater connectivity. The previously isolated reservoir was exchanged or mixed during the flood pulse, while incision lowered the water table for years. The results here provide insight for streams that lack substantial groundwater inputs yet maintain coldwater species at risk in a warming climate and an approach for managers seeking to protect cold baseflow sources. 相似文献
94.
用连续提取方法分析了黄壤中总硫、SO42-、总还原态硫(TRS)和有机硫的硫同位素组成,探讨黄壤中硫的迁移转化过程及其环境效应.有机硫是主要的硫形态,SO42-是主要的无机硫形态.TRS具有最低的δ34S值,同时SO42-和TRS的δ34S值随剖面加深而平行地增大指示黄壤中存在SO42-异化还原过程.黄壤剖面中总硫和有机硫的δ34S值先增大后降低与有机硫矿化及有机硫组分的迁移和底层吸附有关.生物滞留后剩余SO42-的吸附、解吸、淋溶迁移及深层吸附与累积导致剖面中SO42-的δ34S值先增大后明显降低.酸沉降下剖面中SO42-的吸附、解吸和淋溶迁移可引起黄壤酸化.值得关注的是,酸沉降输入的SO42-主要以有机硫和吸附态SO42-滞留在黄壤中,则在硫的年沉降速率大幅降低后,在较长时期内,黄壤中有机硫矿化和吸附态SO42-解吸可能释放大量SO42-进入地表和地下水体,与之相关的土壤理化性质变化和水体化学组成改变等方面的环境效应值得关注. 相似文献
95.
利用多同位素(C、N和O)和水化学方法解析贵州八步地下河流域水体中硝酸盐(NO3-)来源与转化过程,利用SIAR模型定量计算NO3-不同输入端的贡献比例.结果表明,研究区地下水NO3-污染严重,近38%的地下水样品NO3-超过饮用水限值.地下水的δ15N-NO3值介于2.3‰~30.33‰,均值9.68‰,δ18O-NO3值介于2.65‰~13.73‰,均值6.64‰,δ18O-H2O值介于-8.83‰~-7.37‰,均值-8.18‰.同位素组成(δ15N-NO3、δ18O-NO3和δ18O-H2O)指示硝化作用主导着流域内氮素循环.硝化作用产生的硝酸加速了碳酸盐岩溶解,导致地下水中δ13CDIC与δ15N-NO3存在显著负相关性(P<0.001),说明δ13CDIC与δ15N-NO3相结合是判断岩溶水中NO3-转化的有效手段.地下水和地表水中NO3-主要来源于土壤氮、粪肥污水和铵态氮肥料,其对地下水中NO3-贡献率分别为36.19%、33.71%和30.1%,对地表水贡献率分别为39.15%、36.08%和24.77%.岩溶流域内污水处理应同时去除污水中的NO3-和NH4+,农业区应科学施肥,以有效降低地下水中NO3-的补给通量. 相似文献
96.
97.
Radium isotopes are widely used in marine studies (eg. to trace water masses, to quantify mixing processes or to study submarine groundwater discharge). While 228Ra and 226Ra are usually measured using gamma spectrometry, short-lived Ra isotopes (224Ra and 223Ra) are usually measured using a Radium Delayed Coincidence Counter (RaDeCC). Here we show that the four radium isotopes can be analyzed using gamma spectrometry. We report 226Ra, 228Ra, 224Ra, 223Ra activities measured using low-background gamma spectrometry in standard samples, in water samples collected in the vicinity of our laboratory (La Palme and Vaccarès lagoons, France) but also in seawater samples collected in the plume of the Amazon river, off French Guyana (AMANDES project). The 223Ra and 224Ra activities determined in these samples using gamma spectrometry were compared to the activities determined using RaDeCC. Activities determined using the two techniques are in good agreement. Uncertainties associated with the 224Ra activities are similar for the two techniques. RaDeCC is more sensitive for the detection of low 223Ra activities. Gamma spectrometry thus constitutes an alternate method for the determination of short-lived Ra isotopes. 相似文献
98.
Here we synthesize key findings from a series of experiments to gain new insight on inter-plant competition between juvenile beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) under the influence of increased O3 and CO2 concentrations. Competitiveness of plants was quantified and mechanistically interpreted as space-related resource investments and gains. Stable isotopes were addressed as temporal integrators of plant performance, such as photosynthesis and its relation to water use and nitrogen uptake. In the weaker competitor, beech, efficiency in space-related aboveground resource investment was decreased in competition with spruce and positively related to Δ13C, as well as stomatal conductance, but negatively related to δ18O. Likewise, our synthesis revealed that strong belowground competition for water in spruce was paralleled in this species by high N assimilation capacity. We suggest combining the time-integrative potential of stable isotopes with space-related investigations of competitiveness to accomplish mechanistic understanding of plant competition for resources. 相似文献
99.
Jens Søndergaard Gert Asmund Bo Elberling 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1319-4071
Identification of mining-related contaminants is important in order to assess the spreading of contaminants from mining as well as for site remediation purposes. This study focuses on lead (Pb) contamination in biota near the abandoned ‘Black Angel Mine’ in West Greenland in the period 1988-2008. Stable Pb isotope ratios and total Pb concentrations were determined in lichens, seaweed and mussels as well as in marine sediments. The results show that natural background Pb (207Pb/206Pb: 0.704-0.767) and Pb originating from the mine ore (207Pb/206Pb: 0.955) have distinct isotopic fingerprints. Total Pb in lichens, seaweed, and mussels was measured at values up to 633, 19 and 1536 mg kg−1 dry weight, respectively, and is shown to be a mixture of natural Pb and ore-Pb. This enables quantification of mining-related Pb and shows that application of Pb isotope data is a valuable tool for monitoring mining pollution. 相似文献
100.
Rossella Guerrieri Rolf Siegwolf Francesco Ripullone Marco Borghetti 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(9):2841-2847
We investigated the effect of N deposition (Ndep) on intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi), the ratio of photosynthesis (A) to stomatal conductance (gs), for two Quercus cerris stands at different distances to an oil refinery in Southern Italy. We used δ13C in tree rings for assessing changes in WUEi; while the influence of climate and NOx emission was explored through δ18O and δ15N, respectively. Differences in WUEi between the two sites were significant, with trees exposed to different degrees of NOx emissions showing an abrupt increase with the onset of pollution. Assuming similar gs at the two sites, as inferred through δ18O, the higher N availability at the polluted site caused the shift of the A/gs ratio in favour of A. Overall, our result suggests that an increase of Ndep may enhance tree WUE under a scenario of reduction of precipitation predicted for Mediterranean area. 相似文献