用陶土吸附处理含镍废水的研究

进行了用陶土吸附处理模拟含Ｎｉ＾２＋废水的研究,探讨了陶土用量,吸附时间、废水酸度,废水中Ｎｉ＾２＋的初始浓度及吸附温度对镍去除率的影响,并用实际含镍废水进行了验证。     

湖北省双季稻生长季降水及洪涝变化特征

利用1961～2008年湖北省双季稻区常规气象站资料,统计计算了双季稻产区在早晚稻生长季的降水量、暴雨量、暴雨日数以及洪涝发生次数,揭示了近50 a来双季稻区降水及洪涝的变化特征。结果显示：湖北省双季稻区在早晚稻生长季的降水量都有弱的增加趋势,尤其是鄂东北局部和江汉平原南部;在水稻抽穗扬花至成熟期间,早稻暴雨量大部有不显著的增加趋势,而晚稻则大部为弱减少趋势。早稻生长季内洪涝的发生次数总体呈增加趋势,局部地区严重洪涝发生次数加大;晚稻生长季洪涝总次数有略减少趋势,重度以上洪涝发生很少,但呈略增加趋势     

GIS在水稻“寒露风”冷害监测预警中的应用

水稻低温冷害是广西的主要农业气象灾害,低温冷害的实时监测预警对农业趋利避害和减轻灾害损失十分重要。依托GIS技术和统计学方法,利用1∶25万的经度、纬度、海拔高度等广西基础地理信息数据,按照1 km×1 km的较高空间分辨率,对低温冷害的相关气象数据进行细网格空间分析推算,结合广西水稻生长发育状况和"寒露风"低温冷害受害指标,实现对广西水稻冷害发生发展及其强度、范围的实时监测预警,并以2010年10月上中旬冷害过程为例检验了监测效果,与冷害实际情况比较相符。     

灾后物资供应系统风险预警可拓模型的初步设计

在可拓学理论的基础上,按照风险预警目的和方法的要求,构建了灾后物资供应系统流动性风险预警模型.该模型解决了物资需求与客观实际采购量的矛盾,客观地反映了风险变化的动态化过程,初步提高了流动性风险预警的有效性.     

基于小程序的海洋牧场台风灾害预警预报服务

台风多要素信息及灾情状况是海洋牧场各方急切想掌握的,而应用于海洋牧场灾害预警专报服务还未见报道,基于此开发了海洋牧场台风灾害预警预报服务小程序.结合wx.request请求获取第三方要素数据与自建云数据库访问灾情数据.搭建海洋牧场台风灾害预警预报服务的层次结构体系构架,推出海洋牧场气象要素预警预报、海洋牧场水文要素预警...     

早更新世末中更新世早期的环境事件与灾变

综术了发生在早更新世末到中更新世早期：即大致从１．１￣０．７ＭａＢＰ的各种环境事件,包括气候异常变化、构造活化、侵蚀沉积事件、天文事件、生物迁徙以及古地磙的异常等,其中气候异常和构造活化是基本的环境事件,对其它事件有控制作用。根据气候异常和构造活化的特征,可以认为：从１．１ＭａＢＰ和０．７ＭａＢＰ是一个连续的环境异常过程,这一时期各类环境事件集中发生,环境事件或为灾变的原因,或为灾变的结果,处自然     

地震预测预警等级风险评估与分区分级发布方案的研究

从地震预测预警的思路和要达到的减灾目的出发,提出了发布预测预警的基本原则,并根据地震灾害的特点,给出了地震预测预警等级的划分。结合我国地震预报、震灾预防等方面的理论与实践,提出了预测预警等级的风险评估方法和分区分级发布方案。以地震实例对风险评估、分区分级发布方案进行了案例分析和检验。     

Building resilience to El Niño‐related drought: experiences in early warning and early action from Nicaragua and Ethiopia

Forecast‐based drought early warning/early action has been hampered by both inadequate decision‐making frameworks and a lack of appropriate funding mechanisms. Rural communities in Nicaragua and Ethiopia that have participated in resilience‐building interventions of varying durations demonstrate the value of community‐based actions informed by early warning, forecasts and drought management advice, both before and during the agricultural season. While drought affected all crops negatively, participants were better able to mitigate impacts, were more organised in accessing relief and recovered more effectively. These results are consistent with other research on the cost/benefit of anticipatory actions, use of climate services and appropriate drought management advice. They also confirm the importance of embedding short‐term early action in long‐term resilience‐building. Despite this, formal systems, national and local, remain essentially unimplemented. Systems being developed at global level now need to be operationalised and translated into effective local drought management standard operating procedures for the most vulnerable.     

Vegetation Response to Early Holocene Warming as an Analog for Current and Future Changes

Abstract: Temperatures in southwestern North America are projected to increase 3.5–4 °C over the next 60–90 years. This will precipitate ecological shifts as the ranges of species change in response to new climates. During this shift, rapid‐colonizing species should increase, whereas slow‐colonizing species will at first decrease, but eventually become reestablished in their new range. This successional process has been estimated to require from 100 to over 300 years in small areas, under a stable climate, with a nearby seed source. How much longer will it require on a continental scale, under a changing climate, without a nearby seed source? I considered this question through an examination of the response of fossil plant assemblages from the Grand Canyon, Arizona, to the most recent rapid warming of similar magnitude that occurred at the start of the Holocene, 11,700 years ago. At that time, temperatures in southwestern North America increased about 4 °C over less than a century. Grand Canyon plant species responded at different rates to this warming climate. Early‐successional species rapidly increased, whereas late‐successional species decreased. This shift persisted throughout the next 2700 years. I found two earlier, less‐extreme species shifts following rapid warming events around 14,700 and 16,800 years ago. Late‐successional species predominated only after 4000 years or more of relatively stable temperature. These results suggest the potential magnitude, duration, and nature of future ecological changes and have implications for conservation plans, especially those incorporating equilibrium assumptions or reconstituting past conditions. When these concepts are extended to include the most rapid early‐successional colonizers, they imply that the recent increases in invasive exotics may be only the most noticeable part of a new resurgence of early‐successional vegetation. Additionally, my results challenge the reliability of models of future vegetation and carbon balance that project conditions on the basis of assumptions of equilibrium within only a century.     

1种结合图像处理及深度校正模型的室内早期火灾定位方法

(1.南京信息工程大学 大气物理学院,江苏 南京 210044;2.南京信息工程大学 地理科学学院,江苏 南京 210044;3.南京信息工程大学 应用气象学院,江苏 南京 210044)