Climate Services and Communication for Development: The Role of Early Career Researchers in Advancing the Debate

Climate services entail providing timely and tailored climate information to end-users in order to facilitate and improve decision-making processes. Climate services are instrumental in socio-economic development and benefit substantially from interdisciplinary collaborations, particularly when including Early Career Researchers (ECRs). This commentary critically discusses deliberations from an interdisciplinary workshop involving ECRs from the United Kingdom and South Africa in 2017, to discuss issues in climate adaptation and climate services development in water resources, food security and agriculture. Outcomes from the discussions revolved around key issues somewhat marginalized within the broader climate service discourse. This commentary discusses what constitutes “effective” communication, framings (user framings, mental models, narratives, co-production) and ethical dimensions in developing climate services that can best serve end-users. It also reflects on how ECRs can help tackle these important thematic areas and advance the discourse on climate services.     

基于大数据的特种设备宏观安全风险预警方法研究

特种设备监管机构在监督检验过程中积累了大量数据资料,为充分挖掘其中的潜在价值,增强监管针对性,提高检验效率,应用并优化关联规则挖掘、社区发现、可视化等数据挖掘技术,构建1种宏观安全风险预警方法。该方法以特种设备安全监督检验大数据为基础,通过挖掘单台设备微观因素间的关联关系,实现整类特种设备宏观安全风险的识别与预警;以2008—2016年全国长管拖车检验数据为例,进行应用实践分析。研究结果表明:该方法可以对区域范围、缺陷类别等多种宏观指标进行预警,指导针对性监管与检验。     

氯代阻燃剂得克隆对孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)繁殖及早期发育的影响

得克隆(Dechlorane Plus,DP)是一种在全世界范围内广泛使用的氯代阻燃剂,具有潜在的毒性效应。但目前已有的生态毒理学数据还十分有限。本文选择分布广泛的大型绿藻孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)作为研究对象,探讨不同浓度DP对孔石莼繁殖细胞转化及早期发育的影响。结果表明,低浓度(10-6~10-8mol·L-1)DP暴露不同程度地影响孔石莼繁殖细胞的形成、释放及附着,在试验浓度范围内呈现一定的剂量效应关系。与空白对照组相比,DP处理(10-6mol·L-1)分别使繁殖细胞的形成率、释放率和附着率显著降低了76.76%、46.26%和85.64%。在丝状幼体阶段,DP处理组(10-8和10-7mol·L-1)幼体体长分别比对照组显著减少了32.74%和38.98%。结果表明,DP暴露抑制了孔石莼的繁殖及早期发育。基于绿藻繁殖特性及早期发育的生物学指标对DP暴露较为敏感,能够为海洋环境的DP生物学效应研究提供数据。     

多种农药对胎儿发育的联合作用分析

分析了应城农村１２万确定人群中１９８８－１９８９年２年期间出现妊娠出现妊局的妇女的前瞻性流行病学调查资料。共调查了５６７４位妇女。按照期家中使用的药品种数目,将研究对象分为０、１、２、３、４、５、≥和总组,计算了各组发生各种不良妊娠结局的相对度,结果表明。所暴露的农药品种数愈多,发生自然流产和出生缺陷的危险度愈大。农药品种数与它们对胎儿发育的不良影响之间存在“剂量－效应关系”。由此得出结论;多种农     

基于改进水平集算法的锅炉承压视觉预警技术

传统锅炉承压预警技术主要依靠人工巡查发现问题,在检测过程中受工作人员自身操作不稳定因素影响,存在故障预警实时性差、盲点多等问题,达不到相应的预警要求.针对此问题,提出基于改进采用水平集算法的锅炉承压预警技术.利用图像处理技术从图像中分割出锅炉承压关键部件,统计关键部件灰度值,并利用灰度值设定特征图像及初始轮廓,设计采用...     

基于指标气体关联分析的煤自燃分级预警研究

为准确预警煤炭自然发火,基于程序升温试验,获得指标气体与温度间的关系,并将起始温度V0和特征温度点V1、V2、V3时刻的碳氧化物比率作为预警界限,设定4级预警机制,采用灰色关联分析法关联性分析采空区和上隅角CO气体体积分数和碳氧化物比率,按照关联等级的高低细化4级预警机制,同时选取典型案例,详细展示该预警机制下的预警流...     

GIS支持下的广西早稻春季冷害区划研究

利用广西省90个气象台站1961-2006年气候资料和站点地理信息,建立了早稻冷害指标的空间分析模型;依托GIS软件平台,利用1:25万广西基础地理背景数据,按照1km×1km细网格推算出早稻冷害指标的空间分布;运用GIS技术划分出广西早稻低温冷害中无冷害、轻度冷害、中度冷害和严重冷害的4个区域的分区结果,并对区划结果进行了评述和建议.     

基于信息融合的建筑施工安全预警管理研究

针对建筑业安全事故率居高不下的现状,找出事故频发的主要原因。基于主要原因中人、机、环境和管理4方面数据和信息的复杂性、不确定性,提出采用信息融合技术的D-S证据理论法对建筑施工全过程中的人、机、环境、管理4方面的数据和信息进行分析和预测,并构建建筑施工安全预警管理预测模型。该预测模型能判断建筑施工项目的"安全状态",能解决建筑施工中安全事故及危险源的预测问题;同时针对具体情况采取防范措施,及时矫正安全隐患和确保安全施工。将D-S证据理论法应用于建筑施工安全预警管理中,扩展了建筑施工安全管理的手段。     

Effects of arsenic on seed germination and physiological activities in wheat seedlings

The effects of arsenic(As)were investigated on seed germination,root and shoot length and their biomass and some other factors to elucidate the toxicity of As.The results showed low concentrations of As(O-1 mg/kg)stimulated seed germination and the growth of root and shoot,however,these factors all decreased gradually at high concentrations of As(5-20 mg/kg).The contents Of O2-,MDA,soluble protein and peroxidase(POD)activity all increased with increasing As concentrations.Soluble sugar content,ascorbate peroxidase(APX),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities decreased at low concentrations of As,and increased at high concentrations of As.While acetylsalicylic acid(ASA)and chlorophyll contents,catalase(CAT)activity displayed increasing trend when the concentrations of As was lower than 1 mg/kg,and then decreasing trend.By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE).As induced the expression of POD isozymes of wheat seedlings.As induced the expression of CAT isozymes but inhibited the expression of SOD isozymes of wheat seedlings at concentrations lower than 1 mg/kg.However,As inhibited the expression of CAT isozymes but induced the expression of SOD isozymes at concentrations higher than 5 mg/kg.The results indicated As could exert harmfulness in the early development stage of wheat at inappropriate concentrations.