防灾减灾信息化顶层设计研究

为解决目前我国防灾减灾信息化建设中出现各自为政、低水平重复建设、信息资源整合共享不足等全局性问题和提高防灾减灾综合业务能力,研究防灾减灾信息化顶层设计问题。总结现有防灾减灾功能业务,用自上而下的顶层设计原则和自下而上的实施步骤,将信息化顶层设计内容划分为信息资源规划、信息技术规划、环境保障规划。最后,建立防灾减灾信息系统的总体目标架构。各防灾减灾相关部门可在此基础上根据业务横向整合的原则,划分防灾减灾信息系统的各个子系统。     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

基于模糊综合评判方法的沉船风险预警

为有效预防沉船引发进一步的危害,基于模糊综合评判方法建立了沉船风险预警模型。通过对历史事故的统计分析,识别出沉船风险主要包括通航安全风险、环境污染风险和经济社会风险。基于系统工程的思想,确定了沉船风险的主要构成要素为沉船、沉船所在区域和周边自然环境。通过汇总专家经验和历史数据,确定了沉船风险预警指标体系并进行了分级量化,并运用层次分析法(AHP)确定了各指标的权重。以我国水域部分历史沉船为例进行验证,结果表明,应用该模型能迅速有效地开展沉船风险预警,并且得出的评估结论与历史操作经验比较吻合。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
John Twigg and Mihir R. Bhatt, eds, Understanding Vulnerability
Joachim von Braun, Tesfaye Teklu and Patrick Webb, Famine in Africa: Causes, Responses, and Prevention
C. Emdad Haque, Hazrads in a Fickle Environment: Bangladesh
Walter Gillis Peacock, Betty Hearn Morrow and Hugh Gladwin, eds, Population and Food: Global Trends and Future Prospects
Roy Gutman and David Rieff, eds, Crimes of War: What the Public Should Know