岷江水系河水与沉积物中稀土,稀有元素背景值及其特征初探

报告了岷江水系河水及沉积物中８种稀土元素（Ｌａ，Ｃｅ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｅｕ，Ｔｂ，Ｙｂ，Ｌｕ）及８种稀有元素（Ｒｂ，Ｃｓ，Ｓｒ，Ｂａ，Ｓｂ，Ｔｈ，Ｓｃ，Ｕ）的背景值及其特征，并对元素的排列顺序及元素间的相关关系进行了初步探索，还列出了１６种元素在原水同积物中的相关矩阵及相互间的相关回归方程。     

昆明红壤环境下酸沉降对二种树木生长的影响

将昆明红壤人工酸化后进行树木生长实验。发现昆明红壤的酸缓冲能力非常大。在 12 0meqH /Lsoil的酸添加处理区也没有发现树木生长的显著下降。根据实际情况判断 ,认为没有必要继续加大酸添加强度进行实验     

汽车排气净化催化剂三效性能的研究

本文对Ky系列催化剂处理汽车排气中CO,HC和NO_x的三效性能进行了研究,用CVS法测定排放污染物的重量和转化效率;通过行车60 000km,证明高温老化引起催化剂表面结构的改变,是导致催化剂活性下降的主要原因,新改进的催化剂有较好的热稳定性和三效性能。     

钐掺杂磷酸铋的制备及其光催化研究

采用一步水热合成法制备不同掺杂量的Sm~(3+)-BiPO_4光催化剂。用XRD,EDS,SEM和DRS手段对光催化剂的特性进行表征。以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,考察了Sm~(3+)-BiPO_4的光催化活性。结果表明,适量的钐掺杂使BiPO_4光催化活性提高了30%。当钐掺杂量为5%时,紫外光照射90 min,亚甲基蓝的降解率可达86.1%。     

Beyond the material grave: Life Cycle Impact Assessment of leaching from secondary materials in road and earth constructions

In industrialized countries, large amounts of mineral wastes are produced. They are re-used in various ways, particularly in road and earth constructions, substituting primary resources such as gravel. However, they may also contain pollutants, such as heavy metals, which may be leached to the groundwater. The toxic impacts of these emissions are so far often neglected within Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of products or waste treatment services and thus, potentially large environmental impacts are currently missed. This study aims at closing this gap by assessing the ecotoxic impacts of heavy metal leaching from industrial mineral wastes in road and earth constructions. The flows of metals such as Sb, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, V and Zn originating from three typical constructions to the environment are quantified, their fate in the environment is assessed and potential ecotoxic effects evaluated. For our reference country, Germany, the industrial wastes that are applied as Granular Secondary Construction Material (GSCM) carry more than 45,000 t of diverse heavy metals per year. Depending on the material quality and construction type applied, up to 150 t of heavy metals may leach to the environment within the first 100 years after construction. Heavy metal retardation in subsoil can potentially reduce the fate to groundwater by up to 100%. One major challenge of integrating leaching from constructions into macro-scale LCA frameworks is the high variability in micro-scale technical and geographical factors, such as material qualities, construction types and soil types. In our work, we consider a broad range of parameter values in the modeling of leaching and fate. This allows distinguishing between the impacts of various road constructions, as well as sites with different soil properties. The findings of this study promote the quantitative consideration of environmental impacts of long-term leaching in Life Cycle Assessment, complementing site-specific risk assessment, for the design of waste management strategies, particularly in the construction sector.     

不同影响因素下石油污染土电阻率特征研究

通过室内配制标准样品的方式,利用Miller Soil Box法研究了土壤类型及组成、石油种类、含水饱和度、含油饱和度和孔隙率对石油污染土电阻率的影响,并利用灰色关联度法确定了电性变化主控因素,探讨了石油污染土电阻率公式.结果显示,不同土壤类型及组成的石油污染土电阻率大小存在差异,但影响因素主次顺序均为含水饱和度、含油饱和度、孔隙率;不同石油种类污染土电阻率差异较小;电阻率受土壤初始含水率影响较大,不同初始含水率状态下电阻率变化规律不同.通过引入含油饱和度改进Archie型公式,重新拟合石油污染土电阻率和污染物含量数据后发现,计算值和实测值的变化趋势更接近.     

我国燃煤电厂除尘技术路线选择问题分析

通过文献调研分析了影响我国燃煤电厂除尘技术路线选择的主要问题,从煤质含硫量、粉尘比电阻、粉尘粒径分布三方面研究结果表明电除尘技术对我国煤种的适应性较差,无法满足严格的排放标准;另外,通过前人对比不同除尘方式协同脱汞效果和对下游设备保护作用的研究成果,结果表明袋式除尘器具有更好的协同脱汞作用,更高的除尘效率并赋予湿法脱硫设备长期可靠运行。     

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FRESH-SALT WATER INTERFACES USING FINITE ELEMENT AND SIMPLE APPROACHES

ABSTRACT: The fresh-salt water interface in artesian aquifers has been investigated by various techniques on the basis of its analogy to the free surface in earth dams or cores of dams. Although various approximations are used, some more or less exact solutions exist. One of the simple methods, that would appeal to practical workers, was developed by the analysis of hydraulic forces. However, this method has not been checked thoroughly due to the lack of wide ranges of coverage by the more or less exact solutions. In this paper a suggested finite element method is used for the purpose of comparing with the method of hydraulic forces. The presented procedure eliminates some of the difficulties and uncertainties in current finite element procedures. Both methods proved to be in close agreement. Moreover, the hydraulic heads along the upper boundary of the artesian aquifer were found to be in close agreement with Dupuit's equation. The results of this investigation would greatly simplify the more complex management problems when the effects of discharge and/or recharge wells are added to the natural flow effects.     

从慧木碰撞谈地球安全

从慧木碰撞事件出发，根据小天体与地球相撞的史实，分析了小天体撞击地球的可能性及其效应，探讨了地球免遭个天体碰撞的可能对策。     

电除尘器粉尘层反电晕击穿厚度理论与试验

为了合理地确定静电除尘器清灰振打周期,通过理论与试验方法确定静电除尘器粉尘层反电晕击穿厚度很有必要的。首先基于静电学理论导出带电粉尘层内的电量分布和电场分布数学模型,然后根据粉尘层反电晕发生条件,得出粉尘层反电晕击穿厚度的计算式,结果表明,反电晕击穿厚度是粉尘比电阻、电晕电流密度及极配的函数。通过对高比电阻不同厚度的粉尘层的反电晕击穿试验研究,结果表明,各击穿点的连线呈较连续光滑的弧线,提出了利用伏安特性曲线确定粉尘层反电晕击穿厚度的简易图解法。