海岸带生态安全压力分析——厦门案例分析

以厦门海域为研究对象,调查总结出厦门海域生态所面临的7项自然生态安全压力和10项人为生态安全压力。在对所有生态安全压力的危害强度、范围和频次进行对比赋值的基础上,使用模型:生态安全压力值(S)=危害强度(I).危害范围(E).危害频次(F),和海域承受压力状态(SS)=承受生态安全压力值(Si).承受比重(wi),对各项生态安全压力的大小及厦门6个主要海域承受的生态安全压力大小进行评价。研究结果发现:厦门海岸带总体面临较为严重的生态压力,其中西海域和同安湾最为严重;生态安全压力主要来自海岸带工程建设和围垦造地,九龙江河口输入,台风、风暴潮。     

基于可再生能源配额制的东部沿海地区能源结构优化问题探讨

通过借鉴国外发展可再生能源的经验,分析了我国能源供需分布格局及其区际能源平衡的特点,论证了实施可再生能源配额制在东部沿海地区能源结构优化过程中的意义及其途径。研究表明:①2010年,全国狭义可再生能源配额目标为5.1%,广义可再生能源配额目标为18.4%;②在东部沿海各省份均实现了广义配额目标的前提下,东部沿海地区可再生能源发电占其电力需求总量和能源消费总量的比重分别上升到18.4%和3.05%,能源结构得到优化;③为此,西部水电开发可达到全国总量的63.8%,小水电发电量可占全国总量的90.6%,实现西部优势再生能源的优先开发。     

The Use of Mytilus Galloprovincialis Acetylcholinesterase and Glutathione S-Transferases Activities as Biomarkers of Environmental Contamination Along the Northwest Portuguese Coast

With the aim of using Mytilus galloprovincialis acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) activities as biomarkers of environmental contamination in risk assessment studies along the northwest Portuguese coast, the objective of this study was to provide background information related to: (1) baseline values of these enzymatic activities both in reference and contaminated areas and their responsiveness as indicators of exposure to environmental contaminants; (2) the importance of seasonal variations of such biomarkers in M. galloprovincialis along this area. For this, the activity of these enzymes was seasonally determined in mussels collected from four sites, including a reference and three stations with different contamination sources along the referred area. Statistically significant differences on both enzymatic activities were found among the four sampling stations, at the four sampling periods. In comparison to the reference station, lower AChE and higher GST activity values were found in mussels collected in stations potentially contaminated by pesticides and domestic/industrial effluents and in mussels collected in the vicinity of an oil refinery and an industrial/mercantile harbour, respectively. The results obtained in this work highlighted the potential suitability of these biomarkers to be used as components of environmental monitoring programs in risk assessment studies along the northwest Portuguese coast. Since a seasonal variation in both enzymatic activities was found, the possible implications of such variability in the use of these enzymes as environmental biomarkers are also discussed.     

粤东长埔—西岭地区锡矿断裂岩浆控制因素及成矿模式

作者认为莲花山断裂以东长埔—西岭一带的内生锡矿化在成因上主要与燕山早期(J_3)火山侵入杂岩有关,矿质主要来自富锡中酸—酸性同熔型混源岩浆。矿带、矿田、矿床定位严格受线形断裂构造及其结点控制。并以火成岩和断裂格局作为主要地质标志,探讨了区内锡矿成矿模式。     

海南岛沿海牡蛎体中PAHs的时空分布及其健康风险评价

2009~2014年对海南岛沿岸近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)体中16种PAHs的污染水平、空间分布及趋势变化进行了研究.结果表明,海南岛沿岸牡蛎体中多环芳烃(PAHs)含量范围为289~2426ng/g d.w.,平均值为856.7ng/g d.w..与国内外相比,海南岛牡蛎体PAHs含量处于中等水平.海南岛牡蛎体PAHs含量表现出一定的空间差异,平均含量大小顺序为:八所港>榆林港>马袅港>东寨港. Mann-Kendall检验结果显示,八所港牡蛎体中PAHs含量有显著上升趋势(P0.05).组分分析结果显示,海南岛牡蛎主要以2~3环的低分子量PAHs为主(62.3%~92.5%).来源分析表明牡蛎体PAHs主要为石油源和油类燃烧源.风险评价结果显示,八所港牡蛎的PAHs致癌风险超过最大可接受致癌风险(10-5),但尚未达到严重的致癌风险(10-4),而其他站点牡蛎均处于可接受致癌风险水平.本研究建议居民对八所港牡蛎和海南其它牡蛎的日均消费量分别不超过56g和 67g.     

辽东湾北岸滨海湿地降解苯甲酸类化合物的微生物研究

用富集培养法从辽东湾北岸滨海湿地土壤中分离到以苯甲酸为唯一碳源和能源的细菌9株。经鉴定BJI、BJ2属于不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp),BJ3,BJ9,BJ8属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp),BJ4,BJ5,BJ6,BJ7属于无色杆菌属(Achromobacter sp)。考察了菌株的底物特异性。通过比较单菌株和混合菌的降解效果,得出了优势混合菌。其最适降解条件为：pH8．0,温度25℃,时间48h。     

东海近岸海域不同贝类体内挥发性酚残留的时空变化及其污染分析

2006年6月和2007年6月分别在东海近岸海域采集了4种贝类,对不同贝类体内挥发性酚残留量进行了检测。结果表明：2006年6月调查海域4种贝类体内挥发性酚残留量范围为0.25-0.59mg·kg^-1,褶牡蛎（Crassostrea plicatula）体内残留量最高;2007年6月残留量范围为0.80-1.50mg·kg^-1,紫贻贝（Mytilus edulis）体内残留量最高。在2次采样间4种贝类体内挥发性酚残留量的平均值表现为四角蛤蜊（Mactra veneriformis）〈文蛤（Meretrix meretrix）〈褶牡蛎〈紫贻贝。2006年6月调查海域各站点贝类体内挥发性酚残留量范围为ND-0.78mg·kg^-1,平均值为0.31mg·kg^-1;2007年6月残留量范围为0.20-2.22mg·kg^-1,平均值为1.19mg·kg^-1。2次采样间贝类体内挥发性酚在调查海域的分布格局为东海中部〉东海南部〉东海北部。贝类体内挥发性酚残留量主要受自身与外界环境因素的综合作用。     

Organic carbon and environmental quality of riverine and off-shore sediments from the Gulf of Cádiz,Spain

Here we show that heavy metal geoaccumulation is apparent in the Tinto and Odiel estuary and, at a lower magnitude, in off-shore sediments. Values above probable effects level (PEL) are recorded for As, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in the Tinto and Odiel estuary, for As and Hg in the associated off-shore sediments and for As in the Guadiana River. Significant correlations were found between total organic carbon (TOC) and Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn in the Tinto and Odiel estuary, and Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Hg and As in the Guadiana River. PCA analysis differentiated the three studied locations.     

福建“金三角”经济区域综合防灾策略研究

以海峡西岸闽南“金三角”经济区(简称为“西岸金三角”)为对象,重点针对该区地理位置、地形地貌、水文地质、文化传统、交通布局和城市规则等方面的主要特征,总结、分析和研究灾害的主要类型、已灾教训和潜在危险及其趋势;经系统研究,预测未来灾害的基本形式;着重分析未来灾害出现的可能性及其损失程度;从区域基本建设角度出发,科学地提出了防灾、减灾、救灾,乃至重建及其预警的主要举措和基本策略,特别提出了数字区域、信息档案、安全规划、应急预警等先进、科学和合理的理念、方法、技术和措施在区域综合防灾中的应用。为工程实践、经济计划、投资决策和规划管理提供科学依据。     

Potential fresh water saving using greywater in toilet flushing in Syria

Greywater reuse is becoming an increasingly important factor for potable water saving in many countries. Syria is one of the most water scarce countries in the Middle East. However, greywater reuse is still not common in the country. Regulations and standards for greywater reuse are not available. Recently, however, several stakeholders have started to plan for greywater reuse. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential for potable water saving by using greywater for toilet flushing in a typical Syrian city. The Sweida city in the southern part of Syria was chosen for this purpose. Interviews were made in order to reflect the social acceptance, water consumption, and the percentage of different indoor water uses. An artificial wetland (AW) and a commercial bio filter (CBF) were proposed to treat the greywater, and an economic analysis was performed for the treatment system. Results show that using treated greywater for toilet flushing would save about 35% of the drinking water. The economic analyses of the two proposed systems showed that, in the current water tariff, the payback period for AW and CBF in block systems is 7 and 52 years, respectively. However, this period will reduce to 3 and 21 years, respectively, if full water costs are paid by beneficiaries. Hence, introducing artificial wetlands in order to make greywater use efficient appears to be a viable alternative to save potable water.