部队弹药库房温湿度监测仪器选型研究

对温湿度监测仪器发展现状进行了阐述,对部队弹药库房温湿度监测的现状进行了详细分析,进而对部队弹药库房温湿度监测仪器选型进行了需求分析和方案设计,为规范弹药库房温湿度管理、确保库存弹药储存安全和促进部队弹药库房正规化建设提供了思路和借鉴。     

Distribution of mercury in different environmental compartments in the aquatic ecosystem of the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic Sea

The aim of this study was to characterize mercury (Hg) contamination in the coastal waters of the Southern Baltic Sea, and to investigate transformations of Hg in the initial links of the marine food chain. Concentrations of Hg in water, particulate matter, plankton and macrophytes at various stations in the coastal zone (a bay with restricted water exchange, near an industrial city, river mouths, and the open sea) were measured in 2006–2008. Hg concentrations observed in the Southern Baltic varied greatly, showing the highest average values in all environmental compartments near the river mouths. In shallow, sheltered parts of the gulf, where water exchange is restricted, Hg concentrations in the water and in macrophytes were elevated relative to those in the coastal zone of the deeper part of the bay and in the open Baltic. Distance to the river mouth, terrestrial runoff, and quantity and quality of organic matter were more important than seasonal variations in controlling Hg and HgSPM concentrations in water samples. Mercury concentrations in the surface microlayer at the air/sea interface were over 10 times higher than those in the bulk surface water. Concentrations of Hg in macrophytes in the winter were significantly higher than those in the warm seasons (spring, summer, autumn). This was probably the combined effect of higher availability of Hg in porewaters and leaf growth inhibition.     

水位变化对湖泊(水库)消落带生态环境影响的研究进展

消落带是水域生态系统与陆地生态系统的交替控制地带,具有生物的多样性、人类活动的频繁性和生态系统的脆弱性等特征。水位变化是影响湖泊特别是湖泊消落带生态系统主导因素,水位变化的频度、大小、持续时间等因素对消落带水-陆交换过程有重要的影响。本文回顾了近年来水位变化影响研究的基本概况,分析了水位变化对消落带物理因子、植物、动物、生物地球化学过程的影响,并讨论了国内外的研究趋势以及存在的问题。     

基于surfer8.0的高密度电阻率法在水利水电工程灾害性评价中的应用

surfer8.0是一款画三维图的软件,结合高密度电阻率法在水利水电工程灾害性评价中的应用实例,验证了高密度电阻率法在水利水电工程中具有的可行性、有效性和实用性.     

潮间带沉积物中酸提重金属的垂直分布与活性研究

潮间带的高、中、低潮带由于曝气时间不同,氧化层厚度依次变浅,以1mol/LHCI提取的重金属(AEM)垂直分布趋势各异,20cm以上各潮带酸提重金属最大值出现的层次不同,但Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni在相同的潮带垂直分布趋势一致,原因是酸可挥发硫含量大于重金属,AEM主要来自于二价硫结合态,但低潮带有部分AEM应来自于铁锰结合态或有机结合态;中潮带沉积物中重金属易于向上覆水释放。     

ICZS-活性污泥新技术处理CTMP废水的研究

探讨了ＩＣＺｓ－活性污泥生物系统在控制污泥膨胀过程中的影响因素及其处理效果。３个月的实验结果表明：当ＩＣＺｓ预反应段的条件控制在溶解氧小于０．０６ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ为７－７．６时,该生物系统能够有效控制污泥膨胀。ＩＣＺｓ－活性污泥生物系统具有高效去除污染物的能力。ＢＯＤ５,ＣＯＤ和ＴＳＳ总去除率的平均值分别高于９７％,８０％及９０％,其中仅ＩＣＺｓ段在预处理时间为２０ｍｉｎ时就能去除４９．０％－６２．     

渤海湾海岸带生境退化诊断方法

海岸带是世界上生产力和生物多样性最高的生境类型之一. 海岸带生境退化诊断技术研究是保护生态系统和近海生物资源的现实需求,将为海岸带环境管理提供有力的技术支撑. 以渤海湾海岸带为研究区域,基于驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应(DPSIR)框架模型,构建了渤海湾生境退化诊断的指标体系;采用层次分析法确定指标权重系数,对渤海湾海岸带生境退化进行了综合诊断和评价. 结果表明:相对于20世纪80年代,20多年来渤海湾海岸带的水质下降了1个等级,底质和滩涂栖息地下降了2个等级,入海物质对海岸带环境的压力提高了2个等级,海岸带生境的综合评价结果下降了1个等级.      

The effects of littoral zone vegetation on turbulent mixing in lakes

Micro-scale thermal profile data were acquired in four lakes in northwest England and southeast Australia that ranged from a small, sheltered pond with a surface area of about 1 ha to more open lakes with surface areas of several square kilometres. These lakes provided a range of topographic and climatic contexts, basin morphologies and dominant macrophyte species. The data were acquired using two SCAMP profilers, one deployed in the open water and the other mounted on a field traverse deployed within the vegetated littoral zone. From these profile data, turbulence parameters were calculated. The results show the variation in the influence of vegetation on turbulence in the four lakes, which depends on the combination of wind stress, solar radiative forcing and macrophyte mechanical properties. In the sheltered pond, the vegetation alters the light climate within the water, thus reducing stratification and allowing weak, thermally-driven mixing. In the larger lakes, however, the primary action of the vegetation is to prevent surface-generated TKE from penetrating the water column, although this effect becomes less important as the plant separation increases. A simple mechanistic model, calibrated against the field data, suggests that the macrophyte mechanical properties are most important in determining the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) profile. Increasing the number of turbulence-generating plants reduces the transport of surface-generated TKE into the deeper water, consistent with the field observations. The model suggests that solar forcing, as measured by the temperature gradient between the surface and bottom waters, is of less importance since the TKE profile is similar in runs with different gradients. Perhaps most surprisingly, the value of the surface-wind stress used in the model is not important, within the limitations of the model, as it does not change the TKE profile, except in a thin surface layer.     

Management of nutrient emissions of Axios River catchment: Their effect in the coastal zone of Thermaikos Gulf,Greece

The estimation of nutrient fluxes, the determination of spatial and temporal response and the understanding of biogeochemical changes in the past, present and future in the Axios River catchment, in Greece, as well as the impacts to the coastal zone of Thermaikos Gulf were accomplished by the use of harmonized watershed and coastal zone models. The mathematical model MONERIS was the watershed management model that was used to model the export loads of nutrients in Axios River. MONERIS was developed to estimate the nutrient inputs into river basins by point sources and various diffuse pathways. Watershed hydrologic and water quality data were collected and synthesized to develop input data sets for the simulation of Axios River catchment. The model was modified to better assess organic nitrogen export loads in Mediterranean watersheds. The results showed the importance of agricultural and livestock activities, concerning their nutrients emissions in the River. MONERIS was integrated with the coastal zone model WASP 6.0 to assess the impacts of the nutrient loads to the eutrophication status of the coastal zone. Several management scenarios were assessed. Management scenarios included measures for reduction in the emissions from the fertilizer plant of Veles, removal of phosphorous from the detergents in FYROM, treatment of urban wastes to EU Standards, reduction in N-fertilizer input, reduction in erosion and the green scenario that represented the maximum reduction scenario of all the measures together. The model simulations indicated that the coastal zone of Axios mouth will be eutrophic for nitrate (2.69–3.34 μM) and phosphate (0.2–0.68 μM) and upper mesotrophic for chlorophyll-a (0.74–1.45 μg/l) for the scenarios tested. The results suggest that the impact of the management scenarios will be largely negligible (no change in trophic status) for the Thermaikos Gulf sector nearby the Axios River due to additional sources such as the loads from Thessaloniki's waste water treatment plant which appear to affect the region to a greater extent. The integration of watershed and coastal zone models can be used to assess management scenarios in order to illustrate the significance of various land use practices to the eutrophication of the Gulf.     

珠江口广州海域COD与DO的分布特征及影响因素

于2003-2007年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)、10月(秋季)调查了广州海域16个站位的COD、DO以及其它理化因子的时空分布特征.调查期间,COD质量浓度范围为0.76～9.12 mg·L~(-1),平均值为2.83 mg·L~(-1);溶解氧质量浓度范围为1.98～9.79 mg·L~(-1),平均值为5.27 mg·L~(-1).结果表明,COD与DO的时空分布特征主要受生活污水排放,陆源排污,降雨量以及水动力状况等因素的影响.COD质量浓度在冬季和秋季较高,春季和夏季较低,而DO质量浓度则是冬季和春季高于秋季和夏季.空间分布上,COD质量浓度从湾内向湾外逐步递减,而DO变化趋势则相反,湾内站位在夏季出现缺氧区.相关性分析中,COD质最浓度与氮营养盐及Chl-a显著正相关,而DO则与COD、Chl-a、Ph以及石油烃显著负相关.COD与DO分布特征对于河口地区的赤潮及碳循环研究有一定研究价值.