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781.
782.
固相萃取-GC/MS法测定水中有机氯农药 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
建立了固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用测定水中痕量六六六、滴滴涕和环氧七氯的方法。采用C18固相萃取柱富集水样,二氯甲烷/丙酮混合溶剂洗脱,加入菲-d10作为内标,利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪选择离子监测模式检测,内标法定量,定性、定量准确,线性响应良好,干扰小,按采样1 L计算,方法检出限为4.26ng/L~19、2ng/L,RSD在0、4%-6、3%之间,平均加标回收率在77.7%~118%之间,实际样品测定结果表明方法能满足环境水体中痕量有机氯农药的监测要求。 相似文献
783.
干旱区绿洲城镇扩张对耕地空间影响及预测——以河西走廊区域为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
绿洲城镇是干旱地区人类活动最剧烈、人口集聚度最高、"人—地"关系矛盾最为突出的生态环境脆弱区。受全球气候变化影响及西部大开发战略推动,区域城镇与绿洲耕地之间的动态变化及利弊权衡成为当前关注的热点。基于1990—2015年多时相遥感影像数据,以典型绿洲城镇河西走廊为研究区,引入Markov和ANN-CA模型对河西走廊城镇用地与耕地的时空动态转换特征与规律展开探索,揭示了城镇扩张对耕地的影响过程与机制。研究结果表明:(1)河西走廊土地总体以未利用土地和草地为主,城镇用地与耕地仅占区域总面积的0.63%、6.35%,且城镇与耕地面积共同经历了先减少后增加的"V"型变化趋势。(2)1990—2015年河西走廊城镇面积扩张了1.53倍,其中15.67%的城镇扩张用地来自耕地占用,其他主要来源于草地,沙漠和戈壁等未利用土地。另外,区域内5个地市城镇扩张的耕地占用差异较大。(3)结合Markov与ANN-CA模型的模拟和预测结果表明,2015—2030年河西走廊79.77%的城镇扩张用地将来源于周边耕地,且城镇空间扩张方式以外延扩展为主,未来耕地被城镇侵占压力较大。研究结果将为干旱区相似区域空间规划... 相似文献
784.
785.
实验室质量管理体系内部审核的策划 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在实施GBT15481-2000(idtISOIEC17025:1999)标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》的过程中,通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析,识别出内部审核策划阶段的关键环节,提出审核范围确定、审核计划和抽样方案制订的技术方法,为有序高效地实施内部审核提供了行动指南。 相似文献
786.
基于网格空间数据的晋陕蒙接壤区生态环境综合评价 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
晋陕蒙接壤区是典型的生态过渡带、生态脆弱带。文章在调查研究的基础上 ,选取了 1 3个评价指标 ,应用层次分析法确定其权重 ,并将各个因子分级标准化和定量赋值 ,再用加权求和法得到每个评价单元的环境质量综合评价指数。根据环境综合评价指数将环境质量分为较好 (≥ 8)、一般 (≥ 6~ <8)、较差 (≥ 4~ <6)、恶劣 (<4) 4级。结果表明 :晋陕蒙接壤区的环境质量大多处于较差等级 ,较好、一般、较差、恶劣等级的面积比例分别为 2 .2 % ,2 8% ,5 7.4%和1 2 .4% 相似文献
787.
Kristen C. Ruegg Ryan J. Harrigan James F. Saracco Thomas B. Smith Caz M. Taylor 《Conservation biology》2020,34(6):1482-1491
Migratory animals are declining worldwide and coordinated conservation efforts are needed to reverse current trends. We devised a novel genoscape-network model that combines genetic analyses with species distribution modeling and demographic data to overcome challenges with conceptualizing alternative risk factors in migratory species across their full annual cycle. We applied our method to the long distance, Neotropical migratory bird, Wilson's Warbler (Cardellina pusilla). Despite a lack of data from some wintering locations, we demonstrated how the results can be used to help prioritize conservation of breeding and wintering areas. For example, we showed that when genetic, demographic, and network modeling results were considered together it became clear that conservation recommendations will differ depending on whether the goal is to preserve unique genetic lineages or the largest number of birds per unit area. More specifically, if preservation of genetic lineages is the goal, then limited resources should be focused on preserving habitat in the California Sierra, Basin Rockies, or Coastal California, where the 3 most vulnerable genetic lineages breed, or in western Mexico, where 2 of the 3 most vulnerable lineages overwinter. Alternatively, if preservation of the largest number of individuals per unit area is the goal, then limited conservation dollars should be placed in the Pacific Northwest or Central America, where densities are estimated to be the highest. Overall, our results demonstrated the utility of adopting a genetically based network model for integrating multiple types of data across vast geographic scales and better inform conservation decision-making for migratory animals. 相似文献
788.
Despite much discussion about the utility of remote sensing for effective conservation, the inclusion of these technologies in species recovery plans remains largely anecdotal. We developed a modeling approach for the integration of local, spatially measured ecosystem functional dynamics into a species distribution modeling (SDM) framework in which other ecologically relevant factors are modeled separately at broad scales. To illustrate the approach, we incorporated intraseasonal water-vegetation dynamics into a cross-scale SDM for the Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago), which is highly dependent on water and vegetation dynamics. The Common Snipe is an Iberian grassland waterbird characteristic of European agricultural meadows and a member of one of the most threatened bird guilds. The intraseasonal dynamics of water content of vegetation were measured using the standard deviation of the normalized difference water index time series computed from bimonthly images of the Sentinel-2 satellite. The recovery plan for the Common Snipe in Galicia (northwestern Iberian Peninsula) provided an opportunity to apply our modeling framework. Model accuracy in predicting the species’ distribution at a regional scale (resulting from integration of downscaled climate projections with regional habitat–topographic suitability models) was very high (area under the curve [AUC] of 0.981 and Boyce's index of 0.971). Local water-vegetation dynamic models, based exclusively on Sentinel-2 imagery, were good predictors (AUC of 0.849 and Boyce's index of 0.976). The predictive power improved (AUC of 0.92 and Boyce's index of 0.98) when local model predictions were restricted to areas identified by the continental and regional models as priorities for conservation. Our models also performed well (AUC of 0.90 and Boyce's index of 0.93) when projected to updated water-vegetation conditions. Our modeling framework enabled incorporation of key ecosystem processes closely related to water and carbon cycles while accounting for other factors ecologically relevant to endangered grassland waterbirds across different scales, allowed identification of priority areas for conservation, and provided an opportunity for cost-effective recovery planning by monitoring management effectiveness from space. 相似文献
789.
Nadiah P. Kristensen Wei Wei Seah Kwek Yan Chong Yi Shuen Yeoh Tak Fung Laura M. Berman Hui Zhen Tan Ryan A. Chisholm 《Conservation biology》2020,34(5):1229-1240
Extinction is a key issue in the assessment of global biodiversity. However, many extinction rate measures do not account for species that went extinct before they could be discovered. The highly developed island city–state of Singapore has one of the best-documented tropical floras in the world. This allowed us to estimate the total rate of floristic extinctions in Singapore since 1822 after accounting for sampling effort and crypto extinctions by collating herbaria records. Our database comprised 34,224 specimens from 2076 native species, of which 464 species (22%) were considered nationally extinct. We assumed that undiscovered species had the same annual per-species extinction rates as discovered species and that no undiscovered species remained extant. With classical and Bayesian algorithms, we estimated that 304 (95% confidence interval, 213–414) and 412 (95% credible interval, 313–534) additional species went extinct before they could be discovered, respectively; corresponding total extinction rate estimates were 32% and 35% (range 30–38%). We detected violations of our 2 assumptions that could cause our extinction estimates, particularly the absolute numbers, to be biased downward. Thus, our estimates should be treated as lower bounds. Our results illustrate the possible magnitudes of plant extirpations that can be expected in the tropics as development continues. 相似文献
790.
Edumar Ramos Cabral Coelho Lorena Frasson Loureiro Miguel Angelo Schettino Jr. Jair Carlos Checon de Freitas 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(4):361-375
AbstractActivated carbons are well-known porous materials as an effective adsorbent used for the removal of emerging contaminants, such as herbicides, which are increasingly present in water bodies. Most water treatment plants, specially in Brazil, are unable to completely remove such contaminants by the conventional process and advanced treatment using activated carbons is required. The aim of this paper was to verify the influence of the activated carbons granulometry and specific surface area on the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide removal efficiency using distilled-deionized water and filtered water collected from a conventional Water Treatment Plant. Commercial activated carbons samples used in this work were obtained from two different manufacturers. Activated carbons were analyzed by the specific surface area, pore size and volume distribution, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and x-ray spectroscopy, moisture, volatile matter and ash contents. Batch adsorption isotherms experiments were used and performed by Langmuir and Freundlich models. Granular and powdered activated carbons removed over 99% of 2,4-D in distilled water and near to 99% using filtered water. The activated carbons evaluated in this work presented high performance and played a key role in water treatment by removing 2,4-D herbicide, ensuring the protection of human health and the ecosystem. 相似文献