黄河中游水保措施对入黄干支流泥沙特性的影响:Ⅱ.减沙效益分析

应用文献［１］关于不同地貌类型及不同水保措施条件下黄河干支流中泥沙粒径分布的研究结果,可以对相应条件下的减沙效益进行有效的分析。利用文献［１］模型,本文不仅探讨了在给定地貌类型条件下各类水保措施实施前后流域汇入黄河干支流的泥沙总量的变化,而且还在扣除降雨变化的影响之后,预测了各类组合条件下非均匀泥沙中减沙效果最佳的粒径级和相应粒径级泥沙的减沙量,预测结果得到了黄河干支流各站所有实测资料的验证。文中还简要讨论了人类活动（主要是开矿）对减沙效益的影响。     

Economic viability study of a separate household waste collection in a developing country

This article reports a study of the economic viability of a separate household waste collection project, and considers its social and environmental benefits. The study was developed from the database obtained through the pilot project on separate collections in João Pessoa, the capital of Paraíba, in the northeast region of Brazil. The pilot project had been supported by the local municipal council since September 2000. The methodology applied to this study of economic viability is based on the economic quantification of the benefits and costs involved in the process of a separate collection of household waste. The benefits to the environment, owing to the reduction of the final disposal of household waste, were also evaluated. The results of this research are encouraging for the benefit cost relation (B/C) of both the quantified economic components and the environmental aspects. The values found for the relation B/C ranged from 1.27 to 1.77 depending on the economic quantification of the direct and indirect benefits to the components involved in the project, i.e., the waste collectors, the municipal council, the sellers of recycled material, and the recycling industry.     

太原城市滨水区建设治理的综合效益 --改善生态环境,增强灾害防御能力

对太原市城市滨水区的建设治理工程在改善城市生态环境和增强城市灾害防御能力方面的重要作用进行了论述.提出在人口集中的城市滨水区进行大面积的生态建设,是社会进步、经济发展的必然要求,也是提高环境质量、推动城市可持续发展的必然趋势.     

湖南省农业生态环境现状分析及应对措施

湖南省正处在经济快速发展时期,协调经济、社会、资源、环境保护之间的关系,保证区域农业和农村经济可持续发展,是迫切需要解决的根本问题之一。本文指出了目前湖南主要面临着农业资源减少、水土流失严重、农业生态环境污染加剧、农业环境污染事故频繁发生和农产品质量下降等农业生态环境问题,从群众认识、环境管理、资金投入等方面,分析了造成湖南农业生态环境污染和破坏的原因,简要介绍了国际上农业环境保护的先进经验和发展趋势,提出了解决湖南省农业生态环境问题的应对措施。     

从项目评价到战略评价

文章阐述了《环境影响评价法》立法的重大意义。     

喜德县生态环境状况及治理对策

本文分析了喜德县自然条件和生态环境现状，指出了其所面临的危机，提出了对该地区生态环境保护的对策措施。     

试论荒漠生态监测的特点和监测指标的确定

从监测目的、监测对象、监测指标和监测数据的获取四个方面,论述了进行荒漠生态环境监测工作的特点.从干旱荒漠区自然环境的基本特征和主要生态环境问题及生态环境管理工作的需要出发,提出了在我国开展荒漠生态环境监测工作的监测指标,以供商榷.     

Use of rural energy resources and eco-environmental degradation in Tibet

IntroductionReportedasthethirdpoleoftheearth(Zheng ,1996) ,theTibetregionisthemainbodyoftheQinghai TibetPlateau.Itcrosses 9°50′oflatitudefromsouthtonorthand2 0°30′oflongitudefromeasttowest,withavastareaof1 2millionkm2 andahighaverageelevationofover40 …     

Adopting an ecological view of metropolitan landscape: the case of “three circles" system for ecological construction and restoration in Beijing area

Ecological construction and restoration for sustainable development are now a driving paradigm. It is increasingly recognized that ecological principles, especially landscape ecology theory, are not only necessary but also essential to maintain the long-term sustainability worldwide. Key landscape ecology principles--element,structure and process, dynamics, heterogeneity, hierarchies, connectivity, place and time were reviewed, and use Beijing area as a case study to illustrate how these principles might be applied to ecological construction and restoration, to eventually achieve sustainability. An example to more effectively incorporate the ecological principles in sustainable planning in China was presented.     

Evaluating the eco-environment benefit of land reclamation in the dump of an opencast coal mine

Land reclamation significantly affects the ecological and environmental conditions of mining areas. However, quantifying the exact effects is difficult because of the lack of reliable data. The estimation of eco-environment benefit contributes to clarify the ecological and environmental changes caused by land reclamation and to provide useful information for policy-makers concerned with sustainable development. The aim of this study is to investigate variations in eco-environment benefit in response to land use changes during land reclamation. The West dump, one of the earliest regions to implement ecological restoration in Liaoning Province, is selected as the study area. The widely used methods for eco-environment benefits based on the land use change were proposed and applied to the West dump in 2004, 2009, and 2014. The total eco-environment benefits in study areas were 0.98 million dollars in 2004, 1.39 million dollars in 2009, and 1.43 million dollars in 2014, with an increase of 0.41 million dollars from 2004 to 2009 mainly because of the increasing areas of artificial woodland and reclaimed cropland. The combined eco-environment benefits of artificial woodland, improved grassland, and reclaimed cropland were over 90% of the total benefits. Soil formation and protection, biodiversity protection, and gas regulation were the top three functions with high eco-environment benefits, contributing about half of the total eco-environment benefits. The results suggest that future studies estimating eco-environment benefits should pay more attention to ecosystems in fragile ecological regions where various human interferences happen frequently. All of the abovementioned results made the techniques of estimation of the eco-environment benefit of land reclamation are more meaningful in guiding the future exploitation and reclamation of mining areas.