DESIGN FOR A STABLE CHANNEL IN COARSE ALLUVIUM FOR RIPARIAN ZONE RESTORATION1

Geomorphic, hydraulic and hydrologic principles are applied in the design of a stable stream channel for a badly disturbed portion of Badger Creek, Colorado, and its associated riparian and meadow complexes. The objective is to shorten the period of time required for a channel in coarse alluvium to recover from an impacted morphologic state to a regime condition representative of current watershed conditions. Channel geometry measurements describe the stream channel and the normal bankfull stage in relatively stable reaches. Critical shear stress equations were used to design a stable channel in noncohesive materials with dimensions which approximate those of less disturbed reaches. Gabion controls, spaced at approximately 300 m intervals, are recommended to help reduce the chance of lateral migration of the newly constructed channel. Controls are designed to allow for some vertical adjustment of the channel bed following increased bank stability due to revegetation. The flood plain is designed to dissipate flood flow energy and discourage multiple flood channels. The channel has approximately a 90 percent chance of remaining stable the first two years following construction, the time estimated for increased stability to occur due to revegetation.     

青海湖流域生态环境保护与经济社会可持续发展对策

青海湖流域在青海省经济社会发展中起着特殊的地位和作用。文章立足于青海湖流域生态环境现状和水位下降、湿地萎缩、草场退化、水土流失、沙漠化加剧及珍稀濒危野生动物濒临灭绝等主要环境问题,分析青海湖流域生态环境保护和可持续发展的重大意义。提出青海湖流域生态环境保护与经济社会可持续发展对策,即青海湖流域生态环境保护和经济开发有机地结合在一起,正确处理好流域经济发展和生态保护的关系,使经济效益、社会效益和生态效益达到最优化和持续化。     

Ecological assessment of lakeshore wetland rehabilitation on eastern route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

To evaluate the ecological effects of lakeshore wetland rehabilitation on the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, species composition, coverage, height, and biomass of wetland communities at 22 sites of the study area on the shore of Nansi Lake in April and May 2007 were investigated. The wetlands under investigation were divided into platform fields, transition zones, and shallow water zones according to differences in elevations, water levels, and human activities. The species richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and Pielou Evenness index were adopted to delineate and discuss the ecological effects of lakeshore wetland rehabilitation in 22 quadrates. Results showed that the species richness of the wetland areas after 2 years’ rehabilitation amounted to 47 of 24 families, higher than 25 of 20 families in areas without rehabilitation. The biodiversity index and abundance index of rehabilitated areas were also higher than those of platform fields and fish ponds where there was no rehabilitation. In addition, the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and community evenness index of platform fields in rehabilitated wetland areas were 1.619, 0.745, and 0.860, respectively, higher than those of the platform fields before rehabilitating. The results suggested that the constructed lakeshore wetland played an important role in protecting the diversity of species.     

漓江流域红壤侵蚀区植被演替与复合农林试验

漓江季节性的干旱和洪涝并存成为地方政府、有关专家和旅游行业密切关注的环境问题,漓江流域的环境建设尤其是上游森林植被恢复,成为生态治理重点内容。漓江上游红壤区植被类型主要包括针叶林、阔叶林、竹林、灌丛和草丛,植被的水分特征差异较大,植被的生态调节、水源涵养功能各异。在漓江上游红壤区开展4种模式的植被恢复和复合农林试验示范,3年的试验表明,乡土常绿阔叶树适应性强、有效保持水土,果林经济效益显著、但生态功能较差,木本药材林具有较好的生态功能和潜在的经济效益。通过调查和试验示范,提出亚热带红壤退化山地农林经营的植物种类和复合模式,对漓江流域水资源调控和水土流失治理提出建议和对策。     

Analysis on reasons for the Yellow River''''s dry-up and its eco-environmental impacts

ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｒｅａｓｏｎｓｆｏｒｔｈｅＹｅｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒ’ｓｄｒｙｕｐａｎｄｉｔｓｅｃｏｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｉｍｐａｃｔｓＧａｏＹａｎｃｈｕｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎ...     

土壤重金属污染及修复技术

土壤是环境的重要组成部分,而土壤的重金属污染是当今危害人类健康的重要因素,重金属的迁移性不仅和重金属的总量有关,还与其在土壤中的不同形态有密切联系.介绍了Teesier的重金属形态五步分级法,影响重金属在土壤-植物体系中迁移的因素,土壤污染评价方法以及目前比较成熟的土壤修复方法,并对未来的研究方向提出了看法.     

珠江三角洲经济区可持续发展中的水环境问题

对珠江三角洲经济区水环境现状和污染源进行了分析，指出生活污染是当前最大的污染源。首次提出了用于宏观评价水资源承载力和水环境可持续性的“水资源质量损失系数”、“水资源质量修复系数”和“水资源质量损失量”的概念及计算方法，据此预算了2002、2010和2020年珠江三角注经济区水资源净损失量分别达0．95、1．41和1．70亿m^3，相当于该区的73．4、101．4和116．2万人口年生活用水总量。各市现状水环境质量优劣排序是江门、肇庆、惠州、佛山、深圳、珠海、广州、中山和东莞。     

Effects of acid deposition on terrestrial ecosystems and their rehabilitation strategies in China

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｈｉｎａｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｓｔｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｏｆｃｏａｌｃｏｍｂｕｓｔｉｏｎ ,ｗｈｉｃｈａｃｃｏｕｎｔｆｏｒ 75%ｏｆｔｏｔａｌｅｎｅｒｇｙｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ .Ｃｏａｌｃｏｍｂｕｓｔｉｏｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｆｒｏｍ 0 .6ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎｔｏｎｓｉｎ 1 980ｔｏ 1 .2 8ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎｔｏｎｓｉｎ 1 995,ａｎｄｗｏｕｌｄｒｅａｃｈｔｏ 1 .45ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎｔｏｎｓｉｎ 2 0 0 0 .ＥｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｏｆＳＯ2 ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｗｉｔｈｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｃｏａｌｃｏｎｓ…     

西部煤矿区规划环评中生态影响评价方法探讨

我国煤炭工业矿区总体规划环评在我国起步相对较晚,其技术导则于2009年才发布并实施,可见在未来一段时间内煤炭工业矿区总体规划环评中各专题的评价方法仍需要不断的摸索和发展。将以煤炭资源丰富、生态环境脆弱的西部煤矿区为例,有针对性地提出西部煤炭矿区规划环评中生态环境影响评价方法和思路。     

娄底市煤矿开采生态环境影响与恢复治理研究

娄底市煤矿开采对生态环境产生重大影响,分析我市煤矿开采生态环境影响的基础上,对加强矿山环境恢复与治理政策进行了探讨和研究。