黑龙江流域(中国侧)生态功能区的划分

划分生态功能区是保护和建设生态环境的需要。黑龙江是中俄界河,一条重要的国际河流,根据生态环境规划暂行规程,结合界河流域的自然地理、气候、植被、生态系统类型、生态服务功能及生态敏感性等,对黑龙江流域界河段进行了生态功能区的划分,并对划分的合理性及各功能区的保护与建设方向进行了探讨。     

旅游公共服务市场化与政府的作用研究

旅游公共服务是我国公共服务建设的基本领域,也是一个需要逐步完善的系统。旅游公共服务市场化,是顺应旅游行政改革和建设服务型政府的内在要求。结合旅游公共服务的实践,在分析旅游公共服务市场化的内涵、可行性以及旅游公共服务市场化条件和效率的基础上,提出旅游公共服务市场化的途径选择,最后探讨了政府在旅游公共服务市场化过程中应发挥的作用。     

Terrestrial metapopulation dynamics: a nonlinear bioeconomic model analysis

This paper presents a spatially explicit bioeconomic analysis of species conservation in agricultural areas. Wild species in fragmented agricultural landscapes are best approached as metapopulations consisting of a finite number of local populations. Economic analysis of species conservation in fragmented habitat needs to deal with metapopulation theory and its theoretical implications. This paper presents a spatially explicit bioeconomic model consisting of a straightforward economic land use model and an applied metapopulation model. This paper demonstrates that multiple equilibria and multiple local optima in metapopulations might lead to nonconvexities in the production possibilities set of agricultural profits and species conservation.     

湖滨带的功能及其管理

湖滨带是水陆生态交错带的一种类型，具有重要的生态、社会和经济价值。湖滨带功能主要包括：缓冲带功能、生物多样性及生境保护功能、护岸功能和经济美学价值。湖滨带退化的原因主要是人为因素引起的生物群落结构的逆向演替及生态功能的下降，退化湖滨带生态恢复与重建的理论基础是恢复生态学。湖滨带管理的核心是湖滨带植被的正确管理，管理的目标是保护与湖滨带密切相关的各种资源和水生态系统，其管理措施主要包括：(1)建立植被缓冲带；(2)加强湖滨带规划和管理的政策研究；(3)加强湖滨带生态监测系统及生态评价指标体系的建设；(4)促进湖滨带管理的公众参与。     

脆弱带坝上后山地区沙漠化因子波动的空间类型与耦合

利用经验正交函数（EOF）法,确定了生态脆弱带内蒙乌盟后山河北坝上地区年降水、气候产量、牲畜增减变化、气候风蚀力和年大风日数等5类沙漠化因子波动的空间类型。各因子典型场在空间格局、变化方向上极为相似,只是年大风日数相对特别一些,通过分型归纳,将波动的空间类型化为3型6类。A型为全区域变化同步,B型代表河北坝上与内蒙变化反向,C型反映中部的内蒙农牧交错带同北部的乌盟、锡盟草原以及东南部的河北坝上变化反向。围绕与沙漠化的关系,可将各因子1960－1980年逐年的空间耦合类型分为协调型、脆弱型和中间型3种。依据波动的空间类型,可建立地区粮食、牲畜在极端灾害年区域间的协调救助模式。     

河南小麦生产农业气象灾害风险分析及区划

根据农业气象灾害风险分析理论，以河南省小麦生产为例，在辨识对小麦产量影响较大的农业气象灾害风险要素和风险源的基础上，通过构造灾度函数，运用EOF和概率等分析方法，分析了河南省小麦生产中的3种主要农业气象灾害——麦播旱涝、晚霜冻、干热风与青枯雨的发生规律及其对小麦产量的定量影响程度与风险概率。在此基础上，运用多因子综合风险指数模型，对河南省小麦生产农业气象灾害风险进行了综合区划，为农业气象灾害风险探讨了一条新的定量分析及区划技术体系。分析发现，干热风与青枯雨是影响河南省大部分地区小麦高产稳产的主要灾害，其次是晚霜冻危害，第三是麦播时旱涝灾害，但总体上河南省小麦生产的农业气象灾害风险并不算太高，只要采取一定的防御措施，不会在根本上影响小麦的高产稳产。     

Energy Efficiency and Emissions Reduction Potential of China＇s Industrial Sector

Based on the total-factor energy efficiency framework,this paper calculates China’s industrial energy efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction potential from 2000 to 2009 by utilizing the directional distance function and data envelopment analysis.The empirical results show that:China’s industrial overall energy efficiency is relatively lower while the emis-sions reduction potential is relatively greater,given the optimum production frontier.Significant indus-trial disparities of energy efficiency and emissions reduction potential exist.Energy efficiency and emis-sions reduction potential significantly show different tendencies of industrial dynamic variation.This paper suggests the Chinese government impose differential carbon taxes,flexibly utilize carbon market mecha-nism,strengthen energy-saving technological R&D,promote the utilization of renewable energy,and strengthen environmental supervision and regulation,so as to improve China’s industrial energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions.     

Design of automobile engines for remanufacture with quality function deployment

Parallel with the increase in environmental problems, the importance of design of environmentally friendly products has become more important together with the design for remanufacture. This paper presents the application of quality function deployment (QFD) methodology in the design of products for remanufacture. The main goal of this paper is to determine the engineering characteristics of automobile engines that firms have to focus on, in order to design automobile engines for remanufacture. In this paper, how a product can be designed for remanufacture using QFD and house of quality (HOQ) has been highlighted. A questionnaire survey was conducted on automobile engine refurbishing & remanufacturing facilities in order to find out what is required of the products which are remanufactured. With the establishment of the HOQ, the engineering characteristics that firms should focus on for designing automobile engines for remanufacture have been found as ‘position of the parts’ and ‘ types of parts used’.     

丹江口水源区水生态功能一二级分区研究

水生态功能分区是实现流域水环境"分区、分级、分类、分期"管理的基础。以高程、干燥度及年均径流深为一级分区指标,土地利用、土壤类型、坡度、人均GDP为二级分区指标,将丹江口水源区分为6个一级水生态功能区和19个二级水生态功能区。比较不同分区的水生境状况及底栖动物种群结构特征,发现一级分区间的水生境状况与底栖动物种群结构均存在差异,二级分区之间虽然有部分生境指标较为接近,但底栖动物种群结构差异明显,证明了分区方案的科学性和合理性,为水源区的生态系统保护和水资源管理提供了依据。