Enhanced water resource base for sustainable integrated water resource management

The article states the case for greatly enhanced reliance on desalination in the provision of freshwater. It argues that the concept of integrated water resource management (IWRM), should be expanded to routinely include desalination, and that sea water and brackish water should be listed among available sources of freshwater. In recent years, the price per m3 of freshwater obtained from desalination has steadily declined, and is now within competitive range of conventional sources, especially as extracting water from surface sources (rivers, lakes) is becoming increasingly expensive as well as ecologically harmful, and groundwater in many locations is saline or depleted. With the expectation that by 2020, five billion people will reside in megacities, today's conventional water resources are likely to become insufficient. As many of these megacities are located near ocean coasts, sea water seems a logical solution.     

TRANSIENT RESPONSE FUNCTIONS FOR CONJUNCTIVE WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SNAKE RIVER PLAIN,IDAHO1

ABSTRACT: Increasing demands on western water are causing a mounting need for the conjunctive management of surface water and ground water resources. Under western water law, the senior water rights holder has priority over the junior water rights holder in times of water shortage. Water managers have been reluctant to conjunctively manage surface water and ground water resources because of the difficulty of quantification of the impacts to surface water resources from ground water stresses. Impacts from ground water use can take years to propagate through an aquifer system. Prediction of the degree of impact to surface water resources over time and the spatial distribution of impacts is very difficult. Response functions mathematically describe the relationship between a unit ground water stress applied at a specific location and stream depletion or aquifer water level change elsewhere in the system. Response functions can be used to help quantify the spatial and temporal impacts to surface water resources caused by ground water pumping. This paper describes the theory of response functions and presents an application of transient response functions in the Snake River Plain, Idaho. Transient response functions can be used to facilitate the conjunctive management of surface and ground water not only in the eastern Snake River Plain basin, but also in similar basins throughout the western United States.     

经济欠发达山区矿泉水资源的开发利用--以梅州市为例

基于矿泉水与人体健康的关系、在社会经济发展中的作用,以及对梅州市矿泉水资源条件及其开发利用现状的调研,探讨了经济欠发达山区矿泉水资源的开发利用对策和前景.认为应统一资源管理,加强质量监督力度,打造优质品牌,提高市场竞争能力,争取与食品、旅游等部门联营,使矿泉水产品多样化、系列化;结合地方工业建设和梅州旅游市场需求,培育矿泉水消费市场.     

浙西南野生观赏蕨类植物资源及其开发利用

浙西南丽水山地蕨类植物资源十分丰富，其中具有较高观赏价值的就有29科，56属，94种，它们可应用于园林绿化、盆景配置、切花配叶、盆栽观赏等方面。浙西南山地观赏蕨类植物资源的开发利用前景十分光明。     

我国铜矿资源形势及其可持续供应对策

通过对我国铜矿资源的供需形势进行分析,得知其安全供应问题已经处于高度紧张状态,年进口量在不断增加,对外依存度在不断升级,进而成为制约我国铜工业健康发展的"瓶颈".为了保障我国铜矿资源可持续安全供应与促进铜工业的健康发展,就其可持续供应的对策问题进行了探讨.     

Occupational Health and Social Resources

There is a relationship between the changes in work-related diseases and the following factors: the transformation of the organization of work, organizational development, as well as human and social changes in the work environment. These factors also influence the maintenance of industrial health and safety standards at work. Safety technology will continue to be important, but will be reduced in significance compared to the so-called soft factors, that is, all dimensions and parameters affecting people’s health and social environment at the work place.

It seems that in the future the relationship between the social resource development and work protection will become more relevant. Social resource development influences the quality of work performance and motivation, the quality of work and work protection, the likelihood of accidents and breakdowns, and the level of self-control and capacity of change.

The consequences of work protection research will be discussed in this article with a focus on the contribution of social sciences.     

海上突发灾难事件应急物资调度优化方法研究

为满足海上突发灾难事件救援对应急物资的需求,最大限度降低其带来的损失,根据海上突发灾难事件的特点,提出救助目标在受复杂气象、海况等因素影响发生漂移/扩散时的海上突发灾难事件应急物资调度方法。综合考虑海洋环境影响,引入救助资源包的概念。构建考虑时间、运力、物资需求等约束条件,以最大限度地满足物资供应可靠性为目标的海上突发灾难事件多级应急物资调度优化模型。通过算例对模型的应用进行验证。研究结果表明,事件形态的演变会影响应急物资集结点的选择,需要在预测事件形态时空变化的基础上合理确定海上应急物资调度方案。     

生态环境损害赔偿诉讼：定义与定位矫正

面对生态环境损害赔偿诉讼这一新型诉讼形式,准确把握其定义和定位至关重要。现有生态环境损害赔偿诉讼按国家自然资源所有权私权化路径进行制度构建,其现行定义为特殊私益诉讼,现行定位为环境行政替代工具。这种定义与定位导致其与环境公益诉讼割裂,运行序位上优先于环境民事公益诉讼,引起国家机关角色错位。生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境民事公益诉讼的诉讼标的相同,救济和保护的利益均为环境公益,其定义应回归公益诉讼本位;政府在环境公益保护上有着广泛的职权和手段,是环境公共治理的优先主体,仅在少数行政不能的情形下才有借助司法的必要性和合理性,其在定位上应作为环境行政执法的补充机制在有限范围内发挥作用。据此,生态环境损害赔偿诉讼在制度体系上应与既有环境民事公益诉讼置于同一诉讼系属统筹立法,在诉讼序位上应让位于社会组织提起的环境民事公益诉讼。     

塔里木盆地水资源利用与绿洲演变及生态平衡

按塔里木盆地水资源开发利用的历史、现状及未来发展,其与绿洲演变和生态平衡的关系为:原始阶段---生态自然平衡,古绿洲分布在河流下游;初级阶段---生态平衡失调,旧绿洲移向山前平原;低效阶段---生态环境恶化,新绿洲多分布在旧绿洲外围;合理阶段---生态恢复改善,绿洲由外延转向内部挖潜;高效阶段---生态实现良性循环,绿洲面积稳定生产力显著提高。现塔里木盆地水资源利用仅为低效阶段,必须加速水利建设,尽快实现合理、高效利用,才能使生态环境得到改善。     

“猪-沼-果”生态农业模式

“猪-沼-果”生态农业模式是一种循环经济模式,论文分析了这一模式的系统结构和运作机制,总结了科学实验的结果。“猪-沼-果”模式以沼气池为核心,聚集了一系列复杂的生化反应,优化传统种养模式的组织结构,使物质充分利用,能量有效转换,具有显著的经济、社会和生态环境效益。江西建设了103.87×104个农户家用沼气池和250个大、中型沼气工程,每年可以节省木材600×104余m 3,相当于75×104hm₂林地的活立木蓄积量;农作物施用沼肥,节省化肥农药,比传统模式提高肥效20%左右。“猪-沼-果”模式在流域综合治理、减少农村面源污染、发展绿色食品和控制血吸虫病等方面都有广泛的应用。