新疆生态环境质量综合评价研究

合适的评价指标体系对正确评价区域的生态环境质量起关键的决定性作用。本文综合前人的研究成果，应用RS和GIS技术，采用综合指数评价法，对全疆区域的生态环境质量进行评价、排序及分级，由此得出符合实际的全疆生态环境质量状况。结果表明，全疆生态环境质量总体较差，北疆生态环境质量优于南疆，北疆西部生态环境质量优于北疆东部地区。     

福建省森林固定CO2价值评估

借鉴国内外研究成果,引入“市场逼近系数”,构造森林固定CO2效益经济结构模型,评估福建省森林固定CO2价值,为福建省森林资源的科学管理和资产评估提供了借鉴和参考。     

Potential for carbon sequestration in Canadian forests and agroecosystems

The potential for carbon (C) sequestration was examined in selectedCanadian forest settings and prairie agroecosystems under severalmanagement scenarios. A simple C budget model was developed toquantitatively examine C sequestration potential in living biomass of forestecosystems, in associated forest-product C pools, and in displaced fossil-fuelC. A review of previous studies was conducted to examine C sequestrationpotential in prairie agroecosystems. In the forest settings examined, ourwork suggests that substantial C sequestration opportunities can be realizedin the short term through the establishment of protected forest-C reserves.Where stands can be effectively protected from natural disturbance, peaklevels of biomass C storage can exceed that under alternative managementstrategies for 200 years or more. In settings where it is not feasible tomaintain protected forest-C reserves, C sequestration opportunities can berealized through maximum sustained yield management with harvestedbiomass put towards the displacement of fossil fuels. Because there is afinite capacity for C storage in protected forest-C reserves, harvesting forestbiomass and using it to displace the use of fossil fuels, either directlythrough the production of biofuels or indirectly through the production oflong-lived forest products that displace the use of energy-intensive materialssuch as steel or concrete, can provide the greatest opportunity to mitigategreenhouse gas emissions in the long term. In Canadian prairieagroecosystems, modest C sequestration can be realized while enhancingsoil fertility and improving the efficiency of crop production. This can bedone in situations where soil organic C can be enhanced without relianceupon ongoing inputs of nitrogen fertilizer, or where the use of fossil fuelsin agriculture can be reduced. More substantial C offsets can be generatedthrough the production of dedicated energy crops to displace the use offossil fuels. Where afforestation or reconstruction of native prairieecosystems on previously cultivated land is possible, this represents thegreatest opportunity to sequester C on a per unit-area basis. However,these last two strategies involve the removal of land from crop production,and so they are not applicable on as wide a scale as some other Csequestration options which only involve modifications to currentagricultural practices.     

西藏公路建设过程中的生态保护

针对西藏独特的高原生态环境特征，分析了公路建设的生态影响，提出了不同生态系统类型的生态恢复和保护措施。     

环境伦理·生态文明·环境政策取向

环境伦理是一个伴随人类文明发展历程的社会主题。由于人类缺乏对生态文明、环境伦理、环境道德的合理吸纳,造成愈演愈烈的生态恶果。人类文明正处于历史转折点,必须对传统人类文明加以辩证之否定,融物质文明、精神文明、生态文明于一体,通过提供理性制度安排、调整利益分配格局来规范人类的道德伦理观念。     

A profile of environmental science in China

This paper concisely introduced the eco-environmental survey in China and the Chinese scientific programme for environmental research which is being practiced or being planned. China has established a nation-wide system relating to environmental scientific research and environmental administration and has taken the following strategies for solving the environment problems: (1) a series of laws and regulations for environmental protection has been promulgated so as to strengthen the legal administration and economic punishment. (2) the idea of ecological construction has been proposed for the purpose of taking the environmental protection work into the consideration of the national and provincial (or regional) economic construction planning. (3) spreading ecological engineering and ecological technologies have reduced the pollutant sources and have increased the industrial and agricultural economic profit.     

基于生态功能考虑的西北干旱地区生态需水研究

在当前生态需水研究的基础上,选取植被盖度作为衡量绿洲生态功能的主要指标,根据植被盖度和侵蚀率之间的关系,从生态系统的需水机理出发,提出了基于生态功能考虑的西北干旱地区生态需水量计算方法.以额济纳绿洲为例,计算了2000年额济纳绿洲生态需水,并与额济纳绿洲不同时期的生态需水进行了对比分析.     

滇池细菌总数与有机碳、氮、磷的调查研究

通过对滇池水体一年多的定点采样工作,重点调查研究了草海、外海表层水中细菌数量及有机营养盐碳、氮、磷的季节变化规律,分析探讨了细菌总数与环境条件和有机营养盐之间的某些关系.对滇池富营养治理提出了一些建议,并提出利用微生物学的方法参与这一研究.     

乙酸型顶极群落的内平衡与反馈调节机制研究

通过产酸脱硫反应器处理高浓度硫酸盐有机废水的连续流试验，从“动态”角度考察COD／SO4^2-比改变引起的pH值、氧化还原电位（ORP）、碱度（ALK）和末端产物（VFAs）等的变动及生态因子的叠加效应引发的优势种群变迁，分析了乙酸型顶极群落的稳定性及其发生定向性生态演替的规律，进而阐明了乙酸型顶极群落抵抗环境压力的内平衡与反馈调节机制，并指出乙酸型代谢和乙酸型顶极群落是产酸脱硫生态系统的典型特征。     

炭素行业推行清洁生产的污染物排放系数研究

推行清洁生产、减少污染物排放量，根本的方法是控制物料流失。本研究对炭素制品生产过程中的投入产出进行物料平衡测算，确定各工序物料流失总量及污染物排放系数，提出减少流失、降低排污系数的措施。