经济植物复层栽培对三峡库区水土保持和移民经济的作用

三峡库区森林覆盖率低，水土流失严重。三峡工程兴建后，由于大量耕地被淹，移民后靠，库区的生态环境与移民经济之间的矛盾将会更加突出。本文提出了经济植物复层栽培方法，对其在减少库区水土流失、改善库区生态环境和解决库区移民经济方面的作用作了全面的论述。经济植物复层栽培是解决三峡库区生态环境和移民经济的基本途径，采用扩大种植农作物的方法来解决三峡库区移民经济问题将会加剧水土流失，使生态环境更加恶化。     

基于DEA方法的耕地利用效率分析

引入了数据包络分析（DEA）测度1997~2004年我国耕地利用效率,该方法可以使用多项投入和多项产出指标,弥补了当前对耕地利用效率测度只考虑单项投入和产出指标的不足;并将耕地利用效率分解为纯技术效率和规模效率以剖析耕地生产效率变化的源泉;最后利用计量经济模型分析了影响耕地利用效率变化的因素。研究结果表明：1997~2004年我国耕地利用效率存在着一定的波动性,平均综合技术效率为0732,耕地利用效率整体不高;从综合技术效率的构成来看,综合技术效率的变化趋势和纯技术效率基本一致,这表明耕地利用效率的变化主要是由纯技术效率的变化引起的;同时各个行政区间的耕地利用效率也存在着很大的差异;影响耕地利用效率的因素很多,按照影响程度从大到小排序是：耕地资源禀赋、经济发展水平、自然条件、农业生产条件。     

Economic aspects of global change impacts and response strategies in the coastal zone of The Netherlands

Economic aspects of possible land use strategies and protection measures in coastal zones as a response to global environmental change are examined. First, some key elements are mentioned that are of critical importance for water and land management in coastal zones. Next, various socio-economic repercussions are discussed. In this context, research needs will be addressed. Subsequently, these issues are considered for the case of The Netherlands. It is concluded that integrated modelling and analysis is just starting and needs to receive more attention in order to study long run economic costs, benefits and changes in coastal zones.     

"三河三湖"流域重污染行业经济和污染贡献率剖析

应用"污染贡献率"这一指标,分析了"三河三湖"流域COD和氨氮排放的重污染行业以及地区分布,指出了各流域COD和氨氮排放的控制重点.同时分析了各流域重污染行业的"经济贡献率",最后结合行业的污染贡献率和经济贡献率以及行业在地区所占的比例,提出了几点重要的结论.     

环保产业渗透性及价值体现

文章分析了环保产业发展中的4个特点:全方位渗透、政策依赖、动态发展、高科技支撑及对相关产业的带动等特性。对环保产业渗透性及所体现的产值及价值进行了探讨,提出在环保产业产值统计中应补充渗透性所体现的产值贡献,并给出了一个评价模式:     

环境违法犯罪的法经济学分析

提出了环境违法犯罪的严重现状,对环境犯罪行为进行了法经济学分析:程序法对起诉私权主体的规定和公权主体的缺位不利于鼓励环境保护;实体法的处罚偏轻不利于抑制犯罪,不具体的罚金刑有可能成为法官寻租的工具。从司法来看,涉及公共性的环境案件,存在环境起诉的搭便车和巨大的交易成本,地方保护主义对司法独立的干扰使得本来处罚轻的立法在司法的环节进一步“缩水”,以至于使得环境违法犯罪成为一种“盈利”的产业。从犯罪经济学的角度分析了环境犯罪的“理性选择”及法律规制。最后提出建立国家环境公诉制度、放宽起诉条件、消除地方保护主义、提高环境标准和加大处罚力度等措施。     

基于利益相关者分析的安全生产投资社会评价研究

在利益相关者分析基础上建立的评价模型指出安全生产投资利益相关者分析的范围、任务和原则,通过分析各利益相关者的损益及成本收益分担情况,指出安全生产投资利益调整的目的、方式以及政策建议。对安全生产投资社会评价的研究,不仅完善了安全生产投资的评价体系,也为制定安全生产经济政策、解决我国企业缺乏安全生产投资主动性及投资不足的问题提供依据。     

A Benefit‐Cost Analysis of Total Maximum Daily Load Implementation1

Abstract: Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) implementation generates benefits and costs from water quality improvements, which are rarely quantified. This analysis examines a TMDL written to address bacteria and aquatic‐life‐use impairments on Abrams and Opequon Creeks in Virginia. Benefits were estimated using a contingent valuation survey of local residents. Costs were based on the number and type of best management practices (BMPs) necessary to achieve TMDL pollution reduction goals. BMPs were quantified using watershed‐scale water quality simulation models (Generalized Watershed Loading Function and Hydrological Simulation Program‐FORTRAN). Based on our projections, the costs to achieve TMDL induced pollution reduction goals outweigh the estimated benefits. Benefit‐cost ratios ranged between 0.1 and 0.3.     

Are there reasons against open-ended research into solar radiation management? A model of intergenerational decision-making under uncertainty

Solar radiation management (SRM) has been proposed as a means of last resort against dangerous climate change. We propose a stylized model of intergenerational decision making on SRM research, greenhouse-gas abatement and SRM deployment, under uncertainties about (a) the extent of future climate damage and (b) effectiveness and potential harmful side-effects of SRM. Open-ended research may reveal either that SRM effectively reduces climate damage, or that it would cause more harm than benefits. We find that SRM research increases the likelihood of deployment (“slippery slope”), and derive conditions that it decreases abatement effort in expectation (“moral hazard”). Neither of these provides a rationale against SRM research, though. The rational decision is to perform SRM research, unless (i) discounting is hyperbolic and (ii) the absolute prudence of expected climate damage is smaller than absolute risk aversion. These results generalize to the case where SRM research also provides information on climate sensitivity.