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661.
Long Zhou Thomas Woodfin Tian Chen Kun Song 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(3):430-450
A city's spatial footprint is covered by extensive impervious building roofs and paved surfaces, which contribute to greater storm-water runoff, more surface pollutants, and less carbon sequestration, hence, worse ecosystem services. This research conducts an empirical study on the ecological and economic impacts of a citywide adoption of green roofs and permeable pavements in Corvallis, OR. The effects on ecosystem services of using green roofs and pervious pavements for a low impact development are modelled using Integrated Value of Ecosystem Services Trade-offs and compared to those from the City's current conventional development without green roofs and pervious pavements. The differences are analysed for ecological impact by storm-water yield, storm-water purification, and carbon sequestration and economic impact by a cost-benefit comparison. The results indicate that low impact development, especially intensive green roofs on commercial/industrial buildings and permeable pavements for parking lots, plays a significant role, even with a higher initial implementation cost, for long-term urban sustainability. 相似文献
662.
喀斯特生态脆弱区的土地退化及生态重建 --以贵州省关岭县为例 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
我国西南喀斯特地区是世界上著名的脆弱生态区,土地退化严重,人地矛盾尖锐,区域发展可持续性差。对此区退化土地进行生态重建,是西部开发中十分紧迫的任务,本文以位于贵州喀斯特高原峡谷地带的关岭县为研究区,分析了喀斯特地区生态环境脆弱性的主要特点,土地退化的主要过程及生态,经济和社会系统驱动机制。在此基础上提出相应的生态重建对策,指出我国西南喀斯特地区可持续发展迫切需要外部的物质、技术,资金等投入扶持,而最终实现则需要立足于本地的生态重建和生态产业的良性发展。 相似文献
663.
运用能值分析的理论和方法,以中国第三大岛崇明岛为研究对象,定量分析和评价了1980~2003年岛内“社会-经济-自然”复合生态系统的能值自给率、人均能值用量、能值密度、环境负荷率、人口承载量以及基于能值分析的可持续发展指数等多项指标的变化趋势,并将2003年的数据进行了国内外对比。针对崇明建设生态岛的目标,分析了崇明岛的优势和不足,为其可持续发展提出了对应的建议和措施。研究表明:虽然良好的生态环境提升了人民的生活质量,但由于缺乏经济和科技竞争力,崇明岛的发展水平处于全国平均水平,与所处的长三角地区整体发展水平相差较大。但岛屿系统现状良好,运行稳定、健康、有活力,可持续性高。未来崇明岛的发展应当合理权衡和协调绎济发展和环境保护的关系,维持系统的可持续性。 相似文献
664.
665.
中国西部城市复合生态系统特点与生态调控对策研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
城市是一类以人类活动为中心的社会—经济—自然复合生态系统。西部城市是西部大开发的重要铱托。本文首先介绍了中国城市与西部城市的发展概况,在与中、东部和全国城市比较的基础上分析了西部城市的城市化特点以及社会、经济和自然生态特点,并运用生态学原理和复合生态系统理论,提出了西部城市发展的生态调控对策。 相似文献
666.
任一生态经济区域都是更大区域的组成部分 ,区域生态经济建设既要注意区域内在的协调 ,更应关注对更大区域的环境影响。区域生态经济建设开发利用自然资源时 ,要特别处理好生态环境保护利用与经济开发利用的协调关系 ,因此 ,做好环境影响分析是区域生态经济建设的前提 相似文献
667.
近30年来中国气候湿润程度变化的空间差异及其对生态系统脆弱性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
论文利用近30 a中国756个气象站点日观测数据计算中国陆地表层潜在蒸散和湿润指数现状及变化趋势,然后划分湿润程度变化对不同自然地带生态系统脆弱性影响的等级,并应用于农田、林地和草地三大生态系统脆弱性变化分析,结果显示:近30 a中国陆地表层平均年潜在蒸散为754 mm,平均湿润指数为-5.6,湿润指数平均变化率为-4.4/10 a,反映中国陆地表层湿润程度总体具有下降趋势。近30 a中国陆地表层气候湿润程度变化导致生态系统脆弱性增加的面积约占中国陆地面积的43.7%,主要集中在东北地区西南部、华北地区、西北地区东部,以及青藏高原的西部、北部和东部。总体上,近30 a中国陆地表层气候湿润程度变化对农田、林地和草地生态系统脆弱性具有不利影响。其中草地生态系统脆弱性增加的面积最大,约占草地生态系统总面积的63.2%;其次为农田生态系统,约占31.6%;林地生态系统脆弱性受影响面积最小,约占17.7%。 相似文献
668.
During 28–29, September 2005, water was drawn from Hanjiang River and Houguan Lake to the Yangzi River via Sanjiao Lake and
Nantaizi Lake in Wuhan in order to provide favorable conditions for ecosystem restoration. To evaluate the feasibility and validity of
drawing water as a means of ecosystem restoration, zooplankton populations were studied 3 times (before, immediately after finishing
and a month after drawing water) at seven locations from 27 Sept. 2005 to 2 Nov. 2005. Water quality in the lakes was mostly
improved and zooplankton species richness decreased as soon as drawing water had finished but increased a month after drawing
water. Zooplankton density and biomass was reduced in the lakes by drawing water but was increased at the entrance to Sanjiao Lake
because of landform geometry change. Before drawing water, most species in Sanjiao Lake e.g., Brachionus sp. and Keratella sp. were
tolerant of contamination. After drawing water oligotrophic-prone species such as Lecane ludwigii and Gastropus stylifer emerged.
We conclude that drawing water could be important for improving water quality and favour ecosystem restoration. Dilution of nutrient
concentrations may be an important role in the e ect. 相似文献
669.
Ecosystem health assessment of urban rivers and lakes-Case study of "the six lakes" in Beijing,China 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Fengling Zhang Jingling Liu Zhifeng Yang Yongli Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(2):209-217
The assessment of the ecosystem health of urban rivers and lakes is the scientific basis for their management and ecological
restoration. This study developed a three-level indicator system for its assessment. The results indicated that: Zhonghai
and Nanhai are in the state of transition from unhealthy to critical state and all the other lakes are in unhealthy states.
Water environmental quality, structure and function of the aquatic ecosystem, and the structure of waterfront areas were the
constraints. Nanhai was ranked as poor and the others were all ranked as very poor. However, the ecological environment of
Zhonghai and Nanhai were better than the others, the sums of the degree of membership to the healthy state and critical state
were all close to 0.6. and the restorations of these lakes were moderate. The sums of the degree of membership to the healthy
state and critical state of the other lakes were under 0.3, as it was difficult to restore these lakes. Some suggestions on
scientific management and ecological restoration of the six lakes were proposed: ①To control non-point pollution and to improve
the water quality of six lakes and the water entering into these lakes; ②To improve the hydrological conditions of six lakes;
③To rehabilitate the aquatic ecosystem and waterfront areas.
__________
Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(11): 3019–3027[译自: 生态学报] 相似文献
670.