生态环境影响评价中经济评价方法研究

随着中国生态环境影响评价的开展,中国正在积极推进生态经济评价预测层次上的环评,对其评价方法提出了更高的要求。当前国内外所用生态价值评价方法缺乏环境与经济相联系起来和在决策中体现生态环评结果的方法,缺乏量化评价指标体系及评价方法,没有从系统的角度考虑一个动态的、复杂系统的环境影响因素。在系统分析生态环境影响评价中经济评价方法的基础上,对吉林省三岔子林业局天然林生态系统中保持水土、涵养水源、调节气候、净化大气等生态价值进行生态环境影响经济分析、预测、评价,首先建立该区天然林生态系统服务价值评估指标体系,并结合野外调查测量及实地数据分析,初步对天然林生态系统价值进行测算;其次利用灰色系统预测分析,对2009年-2028年三岔子林业局天然林生态系统价值进行预测,最后计算出天然林生态系统带来的经济效益。     

美国加油站的油气排放污染控制及其启示

在全面回顾美国加州加油站油气排放污染控制发展历程的基础上,重点介绍了两大类地下储油罐的压力管理技术.事实表明,对于加油站的总体油气排放污染控制而言,处于世界前沿水平的CRAB目前也仍然处于不断完善提高之中.国内油气回收行业在标准制定以及引进国外设备的过程中,应该进行充分的调研论证和科学决策,并自主研发突破一些技术瓶颈性问题.     

学生食堂优化管理的数学模型

从学生食堂的设备及场所、物资的储存与购入、工作人员的管理及就餐者对食堂的要求这4个方面描述了各自对学生食堂管理的影响,得出了评估学生食堂优劣的一般公式Y=n∑i=1ωixi,并着重解决了学生就餐排队等待时间太长的问题,分析了该等待问题在排队论中所属的模型,解决了该课题要研究的问题的一般情况和个别案例,确定了各参数之间的关系.通过分析,得出了最优排队模型、费用模型及服务台数,并证明了最优模型的一般性.     

Nutritional benefits of filial cannibalism in three-spined sticklebacks (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gasterosteus aculeatus</Emphasis>)

Although filial cannibalism (eating one’s own offspring) occurs in numerous species, including several teleost fishes, its adaptive value is still not well understood. One often-discussed explanation is that individuals enhance their mass and body condition by consuming part of their eggs. However, evidence for this assumption is scarce thus far. In this study, male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a species with paternal care, were allowed to care for a batch of eggs or for an empty nest under food-deprived conditions. All brood-caring males cannibalised at least part of their eggs and thus preserved their initial mass and body condition. Furthermore, mass as well as body condition was significant positively correlated with the number of cannibalised eggs. In contrast, empty-nest males that had no possibility to cannibalise eggs significantly lost mass and body condition. This is, to our knowledge, the first experimentally documented evidence that mass as well as body condition were preserved by filial cannibalism.     

锦州市环境信息化建设发展初探

近年来,锦州市环境信息化建设得到飞速发展,形成了基本满足环保业务需求的信息服务体系。但由于信息技术的不断推陈出新,锦州市环境信息化建设面临更高的发展要求。结合信息化技术的发展现状论述了锦州市环境信息化建设的发展方向,即通过信息整合使信息化建设上升到更高水平。     

粮食蔬菜与土壤和大气中苯并（a）芘含量的相关性研究

对山西省运城市盐湖区不同区域内小麦、西红柿、白菜和土壤中B（a）P含量的空间一时间分布及大气、土壤与粮食、蔬菜中B（a）P含量关系进行了调查研究,结果表明,粮食和蔬菜中的B（a）P主要来自大气污染的“贡献”,土壤中的B（a）P的含量也直接影响粮食和蔬菜中B（a）P的含量。当小麦子实中B（a）P的含量达到一定水平后,并不随土壤中B（a）P含量的增加而增加。     

特定岸坡生态系统去除水源中微量有机物实验研究

水源地长期污染严重,微量有机物检出率增加,水质安全性下降,以及岸坡传统硬质化护砌导致生态恶化,为此提出以新型环保材料生态混凝土构建特定岸坡生态系统改善水源水质的研究方法.中试实验结果表明,停留时间为6 d时,水中阿特拉津、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的去除率分别为70.5%、57.7%、72.4%、62.4%和45.1%,水样有机物图谱峰数与黄浦江原水相比减少23个,峰总面积降低36.8%;相同条件下对照水库(岸坡硬质护砌),5种微量有机物的去除率仅为40.2%、42.9%、54.8%、52.0%和16.2%.以生态混凝土为载体构建的水源地特定岸坡生态系统在微生物和绿色植物等多因素协同作用下,使水中微量有机物去除效果明显,对改善水源水质和生态修复具有积极意义.     

废弃钻井液固化处理pH值控制措施

提出了在原有固化处理技术的基础上,根据钻井泥浆原样pH值的高低,在固化材中适量加入酸性盐类混凝剂有效控制pH值的方法。采用此方法后,废弃钻井液的固化处理效果好,能够满足环保标准要求。     

Maximizing Returns from Payments for Water‐Based Ecosystem Services: Incorporating Externality Effects of Land Management

Given the expansion of payments for water‐based ecosystem services (PWES) worldwide, two relevant issues are as follows: (1) determination of efficient allocations of payments among land managers, and (2) how this might change when paying one manager to implement a best management practice (BMP) to enhance an ecosystem service impacts the cost‐effectiveness of BMPs considered by other land managers not currently involved in PWES. Such externalities may be negative if diminishing returns dominate, or positive if mechanisms such as “social diffusion” dominate. We analyze how a planner should optimally allocate payments, depending on whether the expected externalities are negligible, negative, or positive. We employ (1) an optimal control model to gain insights on the problem’s dynamics, and (2) stochastic dynamic programming to determine optimal funding strategies using a specific application. The study contributes to the literature by identifying dynamically optimal PWES payment patterns, and illustrates how they should change when one accounts for externalities induced by the program. Because such impacts have not been addressed previously in a rigorous way, this treatment provides useful value added for PWES design and implementation.     

宜兴市土地利用类型与水生态健康相关性研究

利用宜兴市2012年-2014年土地利用数据、水生态健康等相关数据,引用土地利用动态度和土地利用综合程度指数,对土地利用变化和水生态健康现状进行分析,运用相关性分析法测算土地利用类型比例与水生态健康主要指标的相关性.结果表明:耕地、建设用地比例与水生态健康综合指标负相关,湿地、草地、园地、林地用地比例与水生态健康综合指标正相关;建设用地比例与底栖动物负相关;湿地用地比例与营养、底栖动物指标正相关较强.