罗尔斯顿的环境伦理学——生态系统中的自然关系

生态系统是作为一种整体而存在的,这个整体是独立的,自在的。作为整体,它是高于有机体个体的。其整体,又是有机体存在的外部环境和条件。但生态系统的存在,又是非意识化的,生态系统在自身的进化过程中,不具有明确的进化目的性,而只是一种随机进化的过程。正是这种随机性,才孕育出了生物及有机体的多样性,生态系统表面上的杂乱是出自于一种和谐,生态系统是一种松散的共同体式有机体秩序。     

农地非农化过程中损失农地生态价值的研究综述

农地的生态系统服务对人类的可持续发展有着重要的意义,而该系统的部分生态价值因未在市场上反映出来而往往被人类所忽略,本文在农地非农化过程中关于损失的生态价值方面进行总结,从研究方法、内容等方面总结了现有研究的特点,从生态服务价值的揭示程度、研究视角的广泛程度、研究方法的完善程度等方面分析了国内研究中存在的基本问题,为今后的研究提供理论依据。     

还原-ZPF催化氧化降解2,4-DNT效果及其机制

以实验室制备的α-FeOOH柱撑人造沸石（zeotileartificial pillared byα-FeOOH,ZPF）为催化剂,并利用FTIR与XRD技术进行表征,采用批式实验研究其催化H2O2氧化去除地下水中难降解有机污染物2,4-二硝基甲苯（2,4-DNT）的效能,对比分析不同pH条件下Fe0还原、ZPF催化...     

空气资源观雏论

论述了空气资源是一种宝贵的自然资源,将其区分为“同质”和“异质”２部分,从大气环境容量的角度对空气资源质量评价进行了探讨。在进一步分析的基础上,给出了对空气资源价值进行计量的初步方法。最后还探讨了空气资源保护的有效途径。     

白洋淀水生食物链BHC、DDT生物浓缩分析

为了评价ＢＨＣ和ＤＤＴ在水生食物链的生物累积放大效应,对白洋淀地区端村水域生态系统水生生物对六六六、ＤＤＴ的富集沿食物生物营养等级而递增的规律性较强（当年生鲫鱼例外）,水体,底泥水生维管束植物,浮游动物、底栖动物,当年生鲫鱼及２龄乌鳢体内六六六残留量分别为：０．３μｇ／Ｌ,０．７μｇ／ｋｇ,１９．０μｇ／ｋｇ,３０．０μｇ／ｋｇ,６０．９μｇ／ｋｇ,１７．２μｇ／ｋｇ、１１０．７μｇ／ｋｇ,ＤＤＴ     

废气排放量灰色建模新法初探

在研究和指出灰色建模常规方法理论缺陷的基础上,结合某化工厂废气排放预测实践,初步探讨和提出了将原始动态数据序列经过线性或指数变换,采用黄金分割法选取背景值的直接建模方法。初步研究表明,该方法较灰色建模常规方法在改善序列随机性、提高预测精度等方面,具有较明显的优越性和合理性,拓宽了GM(1,1)模型在环境科学领域中的应用范围。      

络合萃取法处理含酚废水技术经济分析

从技术经济角度对络合萃取法处理含酚废水进行了分析,建立了投资及净现值与处理量和浓度的关系式。结果表明：络合萃取法投资及净现值指标对处理理敏感,而对浓度不敏感;     

INTEGRATING SOCIAL BENEFIT COST ACCOUNTING INTO WATERSHED RESTORATION AND PROTECTION PROGRAMS1

ABSTRACT: Successful watershed management requires consideration of multiple objectives and the efficient use of scarce public and private resources. One way to address these multi-faceted issues is through Social Benefit-Cost Accounting (SBCA). SBCA is a systematic method of addressing complex social and economic issues relevant to proposed watershed management projects. Benefits of using this technique include: benefits and costs of watershed projects are better understood; politically sensitive issues tend to be put into perspective; and stakeholders' interests are placed on a level playing field. An example from Bogota, Colombia demonstrates how SBCA can be used to value the benefits and costs of a proposed project. By addressing the benefits and costs to all stakeholders, the design of watershed management programs can be improved to achieve goals in a cost-effective manner.     

RESPONSE OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER LAKES TO SIMULATED FUTURE CLIMATES1

ABSTRACT: We apply a physically based lake model to assess the response of North American lakes to future climate conditions as portrayed by the transient trace-gas simulations conducted with the Max Planck Institute (ECHAM4) and the Canadian Climate Center (CGCM1) atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (A/OGCMs). To quantify spatial patterns of lake responses (temperature, mixing, ice cover, evaporation) we ran the lake model for theoretical lakes of specified area, depth, and transparency over a uniformly spaced (50 km) grid. The simulations were conducted for two 10-year periods that represent present climatic conditions and those around the time of CO₂ doubling. Although the climate model output produces simulated lake responses that differ in specific regional details, there is broad agreement with regard to the direction and area of change. In particular, lake temperatures are generally warmer in the future as a result of warmer climatic conditions and a substantial loss (> 100 days/yr) of winter ice cover. Simulated summer lake temperatures are higher than 30°C over the Midwest and south, suggesting the potential for future disturbance of existing aquatic ecosystems. Overall increases in lake evaporation combine with disparate changes in A/OGCM precipitation to produce future changes in net moisture (precipitation minus evaporation) that are of less fidelity than those of lake temperature.     

水资源定价方法的初步探讨

根据水资源的特点,分析了开展水资源定价研究的目的和意义,设计了水资源存在价值及其经济价值确定方法的研究思路,研究认为,探讨水资源存在价值应考虑其本身的价值和环境容量虚幻成本２方面;水资源经济价值则包括水淘汰存在价值和水资源转化为水资源商品后物化的使用价值,这里的使用价值又包含水资源污染治理及损害成本、稀缺性价值、边际运行成本和边际时间成本等４个方面,在以上分析的基础上,给出了水资源定价的计算模型,