阊江河1～6级支流大型底栖无脊椎动物取食功能团演变特征

河流连续性概念(rivercontinuumconcept,RCC)将自然河流生态系统视为物理和生物的连续体,河流物理环境的梯度变化决定了生物的演变格局.为探索自然河流系统受人类干扰后大型底栖无脊椎动物的演变规律,作者于2002年5月、8月、11月对安徽省祁门县阊江河1~6级支流的大型底栖无脊椎动物进行了调查,共获7纲57科101属119种,计8813头,并详细记载了各级支流样点的栖境特点.运用“河流连续性概念”理论分析结果表明该河1~6级支流大型底栖无脊椎动物各取食功能团演变趋势符合该理论,但上游至下游的生物区系演替程度明显小于未受干扰的自然河流,1~6级支流各功能团的分布(P/%)梯度变化趋于平缓,仅捕食者数量分布与理论预测模式比较接近.各级支流相同取食功能团的优势类群各异,其种类的耐污能力随河流级别的增加总体呈上升趋势.同级支流各取食功能团的分布(P/%)比例存在季节性差异.图2表3参15     

西洞庭湖自然保护区鸟类资源调查

为更好地调查了解西洞庭湖自然保护区的鸟类资源，保护和维持生态平衡，2003—2005年我们对西洞庭湖自然保护区的鸟类资源进行了观察和动态监测，共观察到和鉴定出湿地鸟类217种，隶属于15目58科．本文具体地报道了2003—2005年的鸟类资源调查和动态监测结果，鸟类资源所面临的威胁及其保护措施．     

庐山春季降水与云雾水化学组成的比较

庐山春季高山降水和云雾水均已严重酸化，所采样品的ｐＨ值全部小于５．６，主要酸性物质是硫酸，硝酸占次要地位；云雾水中离子浓度高于降水，且酸度强于降水；对不同相态降水的比较表明，固相降水组成比雨不高２－６倍，但ｐＨ值比雨水高０．６。而氧化性物质Ｈ２Ｏ２在降水中浓度高于云雾水中浓度，液相降水中浓度于固相降水。     

2,4,6-三氯酚在模型水生生态系统中的归宿

测定了模型水生生态系统水、底泥中2.4,6-三氯酚(TCP)浓度随时间的变化值,以及TCP从水中挥发、光解、底泥吸附、解吸、微生物降解的速率常数.假设水中TCP的迁移和转化遵循—级速率过程,水中物质平衡能通过数学等式来描述,显示出室系统教学模型能粗略预测模型水生生态系统中TCP浓度随时间的变化.最后,应用该模型预测了排放到天津室外兼性塘中TCP的迁移、归宿,发现15d后出口水中TCP浓度已降低到入口水中浓度的10%     

同位素示踪法研究有机污染物在模拟水生生态系统中的行为

应用同位素示踪技术，研究了模拟水生生态系统中三氯苯、邻苯二甲酸正丁酯，２，４，６－三氯酚－＾１４Ｃ的分布、迁移、转化行为。实验周期后，水中污染物浓度分别降低了８９％，８０％，９５％以上，三氯苯在底泥和浮游生物中有积累。测定了标记物在水、悬浮物、＾１４ＣＯ２吸收溶液，ＸＡＤ－２树脂上的放射性强度。假设水中标记物的降解遵循一级速率过程，２４ｄ后，水中２，４，６－三氯酚－＾１４Ｃ浓度已降为原来浓度的５％     

Determinants of parental effort: a behavioural study in the Eurasian kestrel,Falco tinnunculus

We recorded behaviour of kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) in western Finland during the courtship (1988–1992), incubation (1989–1991), early nestling (age of young 1–2 weeks, 1989–1992) and late nestling stages (3–4 weeks, 1989–1991) to examine determinants of their parental effort (PE). In males, PE was estimated as the hunting effort (the proportion of budget time spent in flight-hunting) and in females as the food provisioning rate (number of prey items delivered to the nest per hour). The following predictions derived from the parental investment theory were examined. (1) Parents rearing large clutches and broods should invest more in breeding than do parents rearing small clutches and broods. The hunting effort of parents did not increase with clutch or brood size, but males tending large broods had a higher prey delivery rate than males tending small broods (Figs 1–2). (2) PE of parents should increase in the course of the breeding season. In males, this was true only between the incubation and early nestling phases (Fig. 3). (3) The early pairs should invest more in breeding than late ones. This tended to be true during the early (for males) and late nestling phases (for females) (Fig. 4). (4) There should be a negative correlation between PE of mates within pairs, but no evidence for such adjustment was found (Fig. 5). (5) Females mated with bright-coloured attractive males should show higher PE than females mated with dull-coloured males but our results were inconsistent with this prediction. We conclude that PE decisions of kestrels are mainly based on cost-benefit estimates of residual reproductive value, rather than on current investment indicators, like clutch or brood size. This might be beneficial in environments with highly variable survival prospects of offspring caused by pronounced among-year variation in abundance of the main food (microtine rodents). The results also show that hypotheses explaining variation in PE in the short term are not necessarily valid for long-term PE, e.g. tending clutches or broods, which also reflects the demands of female and young.     

城市生态学基本原理的探讨

城市生态学是一门正在发展中的生态学分支,因其产生历史较短,而尚未形成一套成熟的理论体系和研究方法.本文试图应用生态学基本原理来探讨城市生态系统的性质和特点,初步提出了城市生态学的一些原理和研究城市生态系统的指导原则,并提出了环境承载力—人类社会行为和生态环境之间的界面在城市生态系统研究的地位和作用.     

国家标准GB／T3840—91中城市大气污染物总量控制A—P值法的应用

本文叙述了在大气总悬浮微粒物实行总量控制时使用GB/T384-91中A-P值方法的经验,给出了一些计算公式及参数,同时还介绍了使用上述国家标准时对求算允许排放总量的主要参数土地面积进行人口订正的经验公式和确定经验系数的方法.     

基于GIS的唐山市综合防灾与生态规划

中国北方东部城市正处于高速发展时期，大部分城市由于处于环太平洋地震带和北纬中度灾害带的交叉部位，灾害问题严重，造成的经济损失巨大。因此，为了城市的可持续发展，必须把城市的生态建设和综合防灾工作结合起来，进行整体规划。通过自然灾害数据库的建立，灾害源、工程地质、建筑和城市生命线等数据的ACCESS数据库分别建立起来了。基于数理统计分析模型的GIS技术，以MAPINFO为平台，采用MAPBASIC开发工具，创建了唐山市综合防灾和生态规划信息管理系统，为唐山市的综合防灾的可持续发展规划提供了建议和依据。     

Critical load of sulfur deposition for ecosystemand its application in China

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