旋轮虫在污水生物处理中的作用机制初探

蛭形轮虫常被用作生物处理性能良好的指示生物.本文以一种常见的蛭形轮虫—旋轮虫(Philodina sp.)为研究对象,着重探讨了旋轮虫及其分泌物对活性污泥处理性能和细菌的作用方式,以明确旋轮虫在污水生物处理中的作用机制.结果表明,旋轮虫及其分泌物均在一定程度上提高了活性污泥对COD、氨氮、总磷的去除率,且两者的提高效果相近,表明旋轮虫分泌物是旋轮虫对活性污泥的主要作用形式,即非直接捕食性的间接作用是其主要作用形式.旋轮虫分泌物对絮凝性细菌的絮凝性、异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的同步硝化和脱氮效能均有促进作用,进一步表明旋轮虫提高活性污泥活性的作用是通过其分泌物提高细菌活性的结果.此外,通过使用根癌农杆菌KYC55从旋轮虫分泌物中检测出AHLs信号分子的类似物,表明旋轮虫对细菌的作用机制可能是其分泌物误导或触发细菌的群体感应所致.本文结果为研究微型动物在污水生物处理中的作用机制提供了新的研究思路.     

Dioxins in the Venice lagoon

Venice is famous around the world for its uniqueness and architectural splendours, arts and the history of the “Serenissima Repubblica”, as it was known in the past, but few are aware that Venice economy is strongly dependent on the industrial activities based mainly on the adjacent Porto Marghera area. For many years, the lagoon that physically separates the city from the dry land has avoided association between the concern connected with the pollution derived from these industrial activities and the public perception of Venice. Since 1995, dioxins have appeared as a lagoon contaminant, and their presence, at such a level requiring immediate “in depth” studies and interventions, has been fully realized for decades.     

国家北方重要生态安全屏障保护与建设

把内蒙古建成我国北方重要生态安全屏障,是立足全国发展大局确立的战略定位。本文在阐述国家北方重要生态安全屏障概念和内涵的基础上,综述了近年来内蒙古在国家北方重要生态安全屏障保护和建设中取得的进展及效果,对生态服务功能基础进行全面分析总结,剖析了目前和未来生态安全屏障建设中面临的天然生态脆弱、部分生态系统退化、资源环境承载压力大等问题,最后从发展方向、关键技术、政策体系、工程布局和监管能力五个角度提出了内蒙古生态保护与建设的对策建议,为筑牢我国北方重要生态安全屏障提供思路。     

森林生态系统生态资产核算的模式与方法

全球变化背景下.植被对CO2的减排作用得到了广泛关注.森林生态系统具有诸多功能,不同功能的货币化基准难以统一,是进行总体生态资产价值定量核算的制约要素.在资源、环境与生态经济原理指导下,分析相关方法评估生态系统生态资产的可行性,选择量化评估参数,并通过多种模式与方法进行估算乌鲁木齐城市2004年森林生态系统的生态资产.森林生态系统涵养水源类、生物多样性维持类、净化空气类、保护土壤类以及大气调节类生态资产分别为0.224 8×108元、10.608 8x108元、0.630 8×108元、0.2592×108元及12.9653×108元,乌鲁木齐市森林生态总资产为24.6889×108元.各类生态资产具有一定的时空差异性.城市森林生态系统生态资产估算模式及方法的研究具有重要的理论价值与现实意义.     

Using the maximum principle of impulse control for ecology-economical models

In this work we present mathematical models for population of single cohort and homogeneous animals. Investigating these mathematical models, we determine structure of optimal impulsive control which used maximum principle for optimal processes with impulse control.     

Linking Terrestrial and Marine Conservation Planning and Threats Analysis

Abstract:  The existence of the Gulf of Mexico dead zone makes it clear that marine ecosystems can be damaged by terrestrial inputs. Marine and terrestrial conservation planning need to be aligned in an explicit fashion to fully represent threats to marine systems. To integrate conservation planning for terrestrial and marine systems, we used a novel threats assessment that included 5 cross-system threats in a site-prioritization exercise for the Pacific Northwest coast ecoregion (U.S.A.). Cross-system threats are actions or features in one ecological realm that have effects on species in another realm. We considered bulkheads and other forms of shoreline hardening threats to terrestrial systems and roads, logging, agriculture, and urban areas threats to marine systems. We used 2 proxies of freshwater influence on marine environments, validated against a mechanistic model and field observations, to propagate land-based threats into marine sites. We evaluated the influence of cross-system threats on conservation priorities by comparing MARXAN outputs for 3 scenarios that identified terrestrial and marine priorities simultaneously: (1) no threats, (2) single-system threats, and (3) single- and cross-system threats. Including cross-system threats changed the threat landscape dramatically. As a result the best plan that included only single-system threats identified 323 sites (161,500 ha) at risk from cross-system threats. Including these threats changed the location of best sites. By comparing the best and sum solutions of the single- and cross-system scenarios, we identified areas ideal for preservation or restoration through integrated management. Our findings lend quantitative support to the call for explicitly integrated decision making and management action in terrestrial and marine ecosystems.     

广州市大气颗粒物显微组分分布及其与优控多环芳烃浓度的关系

对广州市不同功能区秋季大气颗粒物显微组分的优控多环芳烃的研究表明,颗粒物显微组分主要是碳球,微粒有机质,有机质碎屑,各种矿物,生物碎屑等,不同功能区颗粒物组分的组 合有所差异。它们主要来源于人为,地质和生物成因。研究区检美国环保局提出的优控制ＰＡＨ为１５种,其浓度为２７．３８－２２８．５６ｎｇ／ｍ＾３,且随功能区不同的而变化。碳球、闰有机质和有 机质碎屑百分含量与优控多环芳烃浓度很好的相关性。     

基于深度学习的污染场地作业人员着装规范性检测

为解决污染场地修复作业中缺乏统一的人员安全保障管理措施以及人工监管困难的问题,结合HSE理念提出1种基于优化Faster R-CNN的作业人员着装规范性检测算法。该方法在回归损失函数中引入L2正则项,既保证模型的泛化能力,又提高深层网络模型收敛速度。基于自建着装规范数据集（Dress Code Dataset）进行实验,评价算法检测时间和mAP等指标。结果表明:所提出的着装规范性检测算法检测时间为44 ms,mAP为88.17%,解决了传统检测算法中实时性和准确率低的问题,且模型具有更好的泛化性和鲁棒性。     

考虑人因可靠性的安全仪表功能SIL验证方法研究

油气站场一般设置有紧急停车系统（ESD）等存在操作员介入的非常规安全仪表功能（SIF）,为解决已有的安全完整性等级（SIL）评估方法不能针对此类SIF进行功能安全评价的情况。对存在操作员介入的非常规SIF进行研究,将其中的人为因素细分为观察、决策和执行3个阶段;根据各类人因可靠性分析方法优缺点,筛选CREAM和HCR方法分别分析紧急情景环境和应急响应时间对非常规SIF人因失效概率的影响,建立考虑人因可靠性的SIL验证模型;基于此模型选取某输油站典型SIF开展SIL评估,分析人因失效对SIF整体可靠性的影响水平,并提出改善措施。结果表明:将操作员应急响应过程中的人因失效概率引入传统的SIL验证模型中,可实现对非常规SIF的功能安全评价;人因失效对非常规SIF具有显著影响,筛选的人因可靠性模型可准确计算人因失效概率。     

基于多因素信息融合的城市供水安全评价系统

为了确定城市供水安全状态,提出1种基于多因素信息融合思想的城市供水安全评价方法。以城市供水安全指标体系为基础,建立供水安全指标与基本概率指派函数焦元的对应关系;采用组合权重确定各评价指标的权重值作为对指标证据的支持程度,通过加权合成方法得到各因素定量、定性信息的基本概率指派函数值,利用证据理论的Dempster组合规则进行因素融合。研究结果表明:以郑州市供水安全指标体系为例,在进行多指标信息融合时与解决证据冲突的融合方法计算结果相同,郑州市2006——2008年城市供水处于不安全状态,2008年以后安全等级逐步升高且趋于稳定状态,可以预测出在未来一段时间郑州市的供水处于安全状态。