用安全学科理论指导安全工程本科专业的课程体系建设

以安全科学技术体系的观点 ,提出了与以往有所不同的安全专业科学技术体系的构架 ,论述了安全工程专业完整的知识结构 ,探讨了符合安全专业科学技术体系理论的安全工程本科专业的课程设置 ,以期对我国安全工程专业的高等教育教学改革起到抛砖引玉的作用     

安技人员工作职能转变与安全工程本科专业知识结构改革

笔者阐述了企业安技人员的工作职能已发生转变的背景和原因 ,由原来“直接实施安全”转变为“间接实施安全” ;而负有为企业培养安技人员职责的高等院校 ,其安全工程本科专业的知识结构须作相应改革 ,从“系统安全”型的“拼盘式”知识结构转变到“安全系统”型的“有机”知识结构 ;通过深入研讨和分析后 ,笔者认为 ,推动和加速安技人员在企业安全生产管理工作中的职能及其转变 ,并实现安全工程本科专业知识结构的改革 ,对提高我国企业整体安全生产管理水平有着重要意义     

地震环境下不同重要性建筑的抗震设防水准

针对我国进行建筑物重要性分类时没有考虑地震环境影响的现实,采用地震危险性分析的方法将我国划分为地震危险性不同的3个区.同时,在采用调整设计基准期来标定建筑的重要性类别的基础上,利用地震动参数的危险性曲线,分析了不同重要性建筑在不同危险性特征分区内、不同设防概率水准(常遇、偶遇、罕遇地震)下的地震动参数(设防烈度、地震影响系数和地震地面运动加速度)的取值,最终证实调整结构的设计基准期并考虑地震环境的影响是标定结构的重要性从而调整设防等级的一种好方法.     

论我国环境教育体系构建的思路、原则与对策

随着可持续发展日益成为人类社会发展的大势所趋，实施以环境保护与可持续发展为主要内容的全民终身环境教育已日趋必要与紧迫。本文运用环境保护理论及教育学的基本原理，从世界与我国环境教育的形成与历史演变着手，论述了我国环境教育体系构建的目标、思路、原则及其主要内容，最后提出了建议与对策。     

EDUCATING THE RURAL PUBLIC ABOUT SAFE DRINKING WATER1

ABSTRACT: From 1984 to 1987, the Penn State Cooperative Extension Service conducted 40 safe drinking water clinics for more than 3000 rural homeowners. The clinics were developed to provide homeowners and farmers with information on managing their private water supplies. Four of the clinics were evaluated using a mail survey. By using a four part mailing, response rates of 63 to 77 percent were achieved. Based on the evaluation results of the four clinics, 11 of the 14 objectives dealing with information value, knowledge gained, and actions taken were met.     

DESIGNING FOR DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM IN STREAMS1

ABSTRACT: Streams are dynamic systems, so steady state does not exist for any appreciable period of time. Streams in dynamic equilibrium respond quickly to change, regaining a new equilibrium. From the response system it follows that there is a causative reason why a stream meanders or degrades or aggrades its bed. These actions represent adjustment processes. If humans interfere with them, other adjustment processes will be initiated. In contrast, if humans work with the ongoing processes, success will be attainable with less efforts and at a lower cost. Local base level change represents one of the most influential channel changes, especially the lowering of this level. Loss of base level may cause degradation throughout a stream network, because the main stem is the base level for all its tributaries. Often, degradation causes bank instability and lowering of streamside water tables that, in turn, endanger the riparian ecosystem. Judging from check dam systems, a rise of the local base level does not raise the bed throughout a stream or network; instead, aggradation stops at a given distance. Preventing local base level changes of a stream network, therefore, is a cost-effective measure. Examples are presented of treatments causing new critical situations and measures to correct them.     

航空工业安全评价的理论与实践

根据航空工业总公司颁发试行的《工厂安全性评价规程》及其在企业的实施结果，阐述了该项工作的理论性和实践性均符合我国航空工业的实际情况。特别在深化改革、扩大开放、推行社会主义市场经济的形势下，安全评价是规范工厂，实现安全工作现代化的良好途径。     

Subsampling program for the estimation of fish impingement

Federal regulations require operators of nuclear and coal-fired power-generating stations to estimate the number of fish impinged on intake screens. During winter months, impingement may range into the hundreds of thousands for certain species, making it impossible to count all intake screens completely. We present graphs for determinig the appropriateoptimal subsample that must be obtained to estimate the total number impinged. Since the number of fish impinged tends to change drastically within a short time period, the subsample size is determined based on the most recent data. This allows for the changing nature of the species-age composition of the impinged fish. These graphs can also be used for subsampling fish catches in an aquatic system when the size of the catch is too large to sample completely.     

GRADUATE EDUCATION IN WATER RESOURCES: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH1

ABSTRACT: The production of videotape as a product of a water resources seminar is an innovative approach to graduate education. The research effort required builds upon the traditional graduate seminar approach. The videotape production requires research effort to be focused into a coherent body of information which may be widely disseminated and effectively communicates information to the public. The use of outside speakers and field trips blends very well into the preparation of a videotape. The requriement to present the many sides of a complex water resource issue in a fair and equitable manner requires maturity and professional capability on the part of the students. The research effort requires the students to meet their professional obligation to present an objective, factual, and accurate statement of the issues studies.     

New dust explosion venting design requirements for turbulent operating conditions

The 2007 edition of the National Fire Protection Association Standard 68 for Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting has a new provision to account for the turbulence level in combustible dust or powder processing equipment. This paper explains the development of this new provision for increased deflagration vent area requirements in highly turbulent combustible dust/powder processing equipment. The development includes a review of initial turbulence level effects on vented explosion pressures, and a review of turbulence levels measured in ASTM E1226 and ISO 6184/1 explosion test procedures to determine K_st. A review of operating conditions in some representative spray dryer plant equipment suggests that most equipment of this type probably do not have high enough air flows to require increased explosion vent areas due to turbulence, but some types of equipment with high tangential entrance air flows may well need larger vent areas.