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641.
本文根据番禺区到2005年率先基本实现现代化的总体发展目标,从经济、社会、环境协调持续发展的角度,在分析研究番禺区环境问题的基础上,制定环境保护目标和指标,提出实现环境保护目标的对策与措施. 相似文献
642.
紫露草微核技术对工业废水监测的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用紫露草微核技术,以自来水为对照,不同浓度的氯化汞、三氧化二砷溶液及十几个工厂废水进行微核效应比较试验,筛选出破坏遗传物质的工业废水及其相应的污染水平。观察紫露草微核率变化及细胞的分裂情况,证明紫露草微核技术是监测工业废水的良好方法。 相似文献
643.
This article does not focus on adaptation or mitigation policy directly but on an allied opportunity that exists for the Pacific
Islands via the auspices of the Climate Convention, because the existing very costly energy systems used in the Pacific Island
region are fossil-fuel dependent. It is argued here that efforts can be made towards the development of energy systems that
are ecologically sustainable because Pacific Island nations are eligible to receive assistance to introduce renewable energy
technology and pursue energy conservation via implementation mechanisms of the Climate Convention and, in particular, through
transfer of technology and via joint implementation.
It is contended that assistance in the form of finance, technology, and human resource development from developed countries
and international organizations would provide sustainable benefits in improving the local Pacific Island environments. It
is also emphasized that mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is not the responsibility of the Pacific Islands as they contribute
very little on a per capita global scale and a tiny proportion of total global greenhouse gas emissions. 相似文献
644.
Specific Contributions of Politics,Economics, and Toxicology in Setting Socially Consensual Limit Values 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
/ Limit values are legal limits for the concentrations of substances in the environment. They must be agreed upon in a consensual procedure between science, economics/technology, and political forces. This is a crucial political precondition for their social acceptance. The arguments put forward to justify their expediency and numerical level are based not only on risk-benefit considerations but also on the aspect of the technical avoidability of direct and indirect exposure. The critical assessment of the direct benefit of specified exposures falls within the responsibility of economics/technology, whereas criteria for their potential adverse effects (direct and indirect) are provided by medicine/biochemistry and/or ecology. Within this concept, the avoidance of nonbeneficial-even if not openly adverse-exposure is the essential aim of environmental hygiene and should be promoted by politics/science. In general, society or segments thereof reject adverse, accept beneficial, and tolerate unavoidable exposure. Conflicts of interest arise when different groups of society simultaneously define a given exposure as being adverse, beneficial, and unavoidable. Therefore, from the viewpoint of society as a whole, an optimal exposure lies as far as reasonably achievable at a level lower than known or plausible adverse effect thresholds (as defined by toxicology or ecology). This optimal level of exposure must be determined using a transparent and, hence, public procedure.KEY WORDS: Legal limit values; Benefit threshold; Social acceptance; Social tolerability; Adverse effect threshold; Avoidable exposure; Tolerance threshold; Environmental hygiene 相似文献
645.
Bob Bermond 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》1997,10(3):227-247
The psychological literature about consciousness has been analyzed. It is argued that:
1) Only the higher symbolic cognitive powers like the ability to keep secrets, knowledge of self or self-consciousness, a
long-term view on the future, the ability to determine long-term goals, and to freely plan future behavior, add positive fitness-value
to consciousness. Without these higher intellectual abilities consciousness will have only negative fitness value and no positive
one. The intellectual powers mentioned may therefore be considered as prerequisites for consciousness. Consciousness may therefore
only be expected in those animal species that show these capacities in their behavior. So far these capacities have only been
described for the anthropoid apes and humans. For the time being, they are therefore the only species in which consciousness
may be expected.
2) Consciousness is not synchronous with real time. Human consciousness is, in as well in the perception of stimuli as in
the experience of free will to act, most times running after the facts.
3) Consciousness has to be viewed as an instinct that has been developed late in evolution. It is partially based upon primarily
innate neural circuits, fulfilling specialized cognitive functions by which information is interpreted and inferences are
made, in a more or less automatical way.
4) Most information processing concerning daily decisions,is done by parallel non-consciously functioning neural modules using
‘sloppy logic’, and only the end-product of these modules can be pushed forwards to consciousness. For this reason consciousness
will, most times, lack the necessary information to come to the correct inferences about the evaluations on which the decision
is based. Therefore, only rarely will people have insight into their cognitive processes or the real sources of their behavior.
When asked why they behaved as they did, they will produce confabulations. However, people's erroneous reports are not capricious,
but regular and systematic in such a way that they will fit the pre-existing ideas and beliefs. The contents of these reports
are therefore not based upon introspection, but, most times, on (sub)culturally accepted ideas.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
646.
647.
648.
海南特区农村剩余劳动力资源的开发与利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文论述了海南特区农村剩余劳动力资源的现状及其影响劳动力资源开发利用的主要因素,提出了海南特区农村剩余劳动力资源开发与利用的途径。 相似文献
649.
西藏自治区土地资源的适宜性评价与利用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文综合评价了西藏自治区土地资源的适宜性及其质量.阐明了影响土地资源潜力发挥的主要限制因素,分析了土地资源利用现状、存在问题和开发潜力。并在此基础上、提出了西藏自治区土地资源合理开发利用的方向、对策和措施。 相似文献
650.
本文论述了淮河下游地区常绿针叶林、落叶阔叶林,落叶常绿阔叶混交林,竹林等森林资源类型的特征,分析了该地区森林资源在经营管理中存在的问题,提出了应采取的森林资源经营管理对策。 相似文献