有机磷农药化学结构与色谱保留值定量关系研究（Research on the Relation between Chemical Structures of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues and Their Chromatography Retention）

利用开放源代码软件CDK(Chemistry Development Kit)描述符和GC-MS以及GC-FPD测定值,对人参根部101种残留有机磷农药进行结构表征,分别以多元线性回归和偏最小二乘回归法建立定量结构色谱保留值关系模型.逐步线性回归模型的相关系数为R=0.942(R2=0.893),交互检验的复相关系数为R=0.912(R2cv=0.832).偏最小二乘模型的相关系数为R2=0.720,交互检验的复相关系数Q2=0.552.结果表明,原子极化率和电荷偏面积等分子属性具有表征能力强等优点,所建模型具有良好的稳定性和估计能力.     

工业企业噪声环境影响评价中的布点与预测时段的选择

在工业企业噪声环境影响评价中，由于测点与测量时段选择的不妥，导致测量及预测值“以偏代全”的结果；本文提出了测点合理布设与测量，预测时段科学选择的原则，以使测量与预测结果能较好地符合项目建成前、后噪声环境实际状况。     

Tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater using isolated algal strains: treatment efficiency and value-added products recovery

ABSTRACT

Two microalgal strains (Chlorella sorokiniana, A&B,) grown optimally at pH 9 (A) and 7 (B) were isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. These strains were used to check their efficacy for nutrients and organic carbon removal capacities from the tertiary wastewater. The strains were characterised using 18S rDNA sequencing method and both the strains closely related to Chlorella sorokiniana. Different inoculum doses (IDs) of both the strains were tried to check their efficacy on wastewater treatment. Due to the increase in the IDs, hydraulic retention time decreased from 6 d to 1?d. On an average, 12–100% of total kjeldahl nitrogen, 53–96% NO₃–N, and 59–92% PO₄–P, were removed. Despite the same growth environment, strain A with the highest ID (700?mg/L) showed the best performance in terms of overall organic carbon removal, nutrient removal, and value-added products recovery. Strain A showed an increase in carbohydrate and protein content by 42% and 13%, respectively. Both the strains showed luxury phosphorus uptake and found suitable for advanced wastewater treatment.     

天津市城市污水自由水面构筑物湿地处理系统中污水氮去除规律的研究

天津市城市污水自由水面构筑物湿地处理系统中，污水氮的去除效果受到场地坡长，水力负荷，停留时间，温度，预处理水质等因素的影响，本文根据试验场地实际运行的数据，讨论了上述因素与污水氮去除率的关系，结果表明，系统对污水氮的去除率，与坡长在一定范围内呈正线性相关关系，与水力负荷呈负的线性相关关系，停留时间为７８ｈ时除氧效果最佳，温度对氮去除率的影响随着季节变化表现出来，没有直接规律性，预处理水质对系统的除     

内蒙古乌达煤火海绵体的硫酸盐表征

内蒙古乌达煤火区地表存在高酸性煤火海绵体（CFS）.为了表征CFS,本文运用了飞行时间二次离子质谱（TOF-SIMS）分析方法,结果显示CFS富含HSO₄^-、SO₄^-、F^-、S⁺、Ca⁺、Fe⁺、FeO⁺、FeSO⁺、Cd⁺等特征正负离子.离子成像分析进一步表明,CFS中的硫酸盐成分主要为石膏（CaSO₄）、绿矾（Fe₂（SO₄）₃）、硫酸镉（CdSO₄）和硫酸氢铵（NH₄HSO₄）等.由此可见,研究区地表已存在酸的污染,亦显示TOF-SIMS在表征污染物化学组成方面能够发挥作用.     

多环芳烃活性参数与色谱保留指数相关性分析

为了简化多环芳烃(PAHs)的Koc、Kow和BCF等活性参数的测定和预测工作,通过对PAHs的活性参数与气相色谱保留指数(I)、苯环个数(N)的相关关系分析,分别建立了I与lgKoc、lgKow和lgBCF,N与lgKoc、lgKow和lgBCF间的2类一元线性回归预测方程,以及I、N与lgKoc、lgKow和lgBCF间的二元线性回归预测方程。结果表明,PAHs类化合物的I值或N值分别与lgKoc、lgKow和lgBCF存在明显的线性相关性,均能对上述3种活性参数进行准确预测,其中,用I值建立的一元回归方程的预测精度更好;而利用I值和N值共同建立的二元预测方程经t检验发现,方程中变量N的偏回归系数的统计检验没有显著意义。本研究利用I值建立的一元线性预测模型能较好地预测PAHs类化合物的Koc、Kow和BCF等活性参数,从而为PAHs的活性参数预测提供了一种简便易行的方法。     

乙腈溶剂中单壁碳纳米管与常见有机化合物的相互作用

以单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)为固定相,采用高压匀浆法,制备HPLC色谱柱.测定乙腈相中18种有机化合物在SWCNTs色谱柱上的保留因子,研究SWCNTs与化合物的相互作用.结果表明,有机化合物取代基的种类和个数、杂原子的个数影响乙腈相中有机化合物与SWCNTs的相互作用.采用线性溶解能关系(LSER)定量表征SWCNTs与有机化合物的相互作用,所构建的LSER模型具有较强的拟合能力(R2=0.844)和稳健性(Q2LOO=0.768),发现π-/n-电子对作用和空穴/弥散作用是控制SWCNTs与有机化合物相互作用的主要因素.     

Organic matter balances in anaerobic digestors

Organic carbon and COD balances in a system of 12 anaerobic units operating at organic loading levels 0.4–0.8 kg COD/m³.d and hydraulic detention times 8–20 d resulted in a mean CH₄ production of 341 ml/g COD converted and a mean CH₄ + CO₂ production 1815 ml/g OC converted. The gas retained in the liquid anaerobic effluent was mainly carbon dioxide (94–98%).     

Time constraints and multiple choice criteria in the sampling behaviour and mate choice of the fiddler crab,Uca annulipes

Active female sampling occurs in the fiddler crab Uca annulipes. Females sample the burrows of several males before remaining to mate in the burrow of the chosen partner. Females time larval release to coincide with the following nocturnal spring tide and must therefore leave sufficient time for embryonic development after mating. Here we show how this temporal constraint on search time affects female choosiness. We found that, at the start of the sampling period (when time constraints are minimal), females selectively sample the larger males in the population. Towards the end of the sampling period (when the temporal constraints increase the costs of sampling), females are less selective. Furthermore, we suggest that the number of males sampled (and other indices of ‘‘sampling effort’’) may not be reliable indicators of female choosiness and may not reflect the strength of female mating preferences under certain conditions. Burrow quality also emerged as an important criterion in final mate choice. Burrow structure potentially influences reproductive success, and mate acceptance based on burrow structure appears to involve a relatively invariant threshold criterion. Since there is no relationship between male size and burrow quality, females are using at least two independent criteria when choosing potential mates. We envisage mate choice as a two-stage process. First, females select which males to sample based on male size. They then decide whether or not to mate with a male based on burrow features. This sampling process explains how two unrelated variables can both predict male mating success. Received: 23 March 1995/Accepted after revision: 14 January 1996     

我国自然保护区有效管理现状及其分析

本文在对我国１０多个省（自治区）２ｏ多个自然保护区的实际调查和全国资料的统计分析基础上，从我国自然保护区的管理体制、管理机构建设、资源的保护与适度开发利用、科学研究与宣传教育等方面，全面分析了我国自然保护区有效管理的现状，总结了取得的成绩和存在的问题，并针对存在的主要问题，提出了相应的对策与建议。