基于行业全产业链评估一份外卖订单的环境影响

构建"生产-运输-使用-废弃处置"的外卖全产业链，通过大样本企业调研与外卖平台大数据分析，计算8个样本城市不同材质与规格的外卖餐盒、餐具、包装袋的市场使用比例，挖掘骑手配送的海量数据，收集城市垃圾处理处置情况，系统评估外卖全过程的环境影响.结果表明，外卖包装物全产业链中生产环节（45%）与废弃处置环节（50%）为环境影响的主要来源，严重程度依次为固废排放、水污染、资源能源消耗和大气污染.所在城市及选用包装物材质的不同，外卖行业造成的环境影响会有显著区别，全产业链上的各环节需相互配合，多主体共同承担环境责任，采取差别化的减缓应对措施.     

Total nitrogen and community turnover determine phosphorus use efficiency of phytoplankton along nutrient gradients in plateau lakes

Numerous studies support that biodiversity predict most to ecosystem functioning, but whether other factors display a more significant direct impact on ecosystem functioning than biodiversity remains to be studied. We investigated 398 samples of the phytoplankton phosphorus resource use efficiency (RUE_P = chlorophyll-a concentration/dissolved phosphate) across two seasons in nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, China. We identified the main contributors to phytoplankton RUE_P and analyzed their potential influences on RUE_P at different lake trophic states. The results showed that total nitrogen (TN) contributed the most to RUE_P among the nine lakes, whereas community turnover (measured as community dissimilarity) explained the most to RUE_P variation across the two seasons. Moreover, TN also influenced RUE_P by affecting biodiversity. Species richness (SR), functional attribute diversity (FAD2), and dendrogram-based functional diversity (FDc) were positively correlated with RUE_P in both seasons, while evenness was negatively correlated with RUE_P at the end of the rainy season. We also found that the effects of biodiversity and turnover on RUE_P depended on the lake trophic states. SR and FAD2 were positively correlated with RUE_P in all three trophic states. Evenness showed a negative correlation with RUE_P at the eutrophic and oligotrophic levels, but a positive correlation at the mesotrophic level. Turnover had a negative influence on RUE_P at the eutrophic level, but a positive influence at the mesotrophic and oligotrophic levels. Overall, our results suggested that multiple factors and nutrient states need to be considered when the ecosystem functioning predictors and the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships are investigated.     

旋流雾化水雾膜提高文丘里水膜除尘效率的实验研究

应用低压旋流雾化水喷嘴 (不同运行压力和组合方式 )实验研究了旋流雾化水雾膜对除尘效率的影响。研究结果表明 :喉部喷嘴布置及运行情况直接影响喉部水雾均匀度和除尘效率 ;采用两两相向的低压旋流雾化水喷嘴组合布置 ,保证喷嘴入口水压力为 0 2～ 0 4MPa ,液气比为 0 1～ 0 2L/m3 时 ,除尘效率将大大提高 ,且有节水节能和脱硫效果。     

表面过滤技术及其在袋式除尘器上的应用

本文介绍了一种新型的过滤技术(表面过滤技术)在袋式除尘器中的应用及其特点,该技术的采用可减少除尘器的压力损失,提高滤袋的使用寿命和除尘效率.     

依兰县绿色食品发展现状与对策初探

针对依兰县绿色食品种植面积,种植基地建设,养殖基地建设,山产品采集基地建设,加工基地建设和销售基地建设及经济效益情况,提出了目前依兰县绿色食品开发已初步形成的标准体系框架并进行论述,评价分析了依兰县绿色食品产业的有利条件和制约困素,并提出发展的对策,使之逐步走向依兰县农业经济的主导地位.     

省域生态环境质量动态评价及差异研究

以2010~2015年30个省域为研究对象，采用“驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应”框架构建评价指标体系，运用逐层纵横向拉开档次法确定指标权重，运用“时间度”和“熵值”法确定时间权重，构建TOWA-GA混合算子生态环境质量动态评价模型.结果表明：6a来，30个省域生态环境质量总体均值为0.837，整体呈好转趋势，但省域间差异明显.通过Theil指数分析发现，省域间总体差异下降了15.91%，人口密度和人口自然增长率是省域间差异的主要影响因素.     

环境模型的统计评价

系统地探讨了评价模型的统计指标,并在BOD反应动力学模型中使用,取得了较好的效果。     

半干法喷射烟气脱硫试验研究

介绍了半干法喷射烟气脱硫试验 ,研究了钙硫比、雾化水量、进口SO2 浓度、湿度等主要因素对脱硫率的影响规律 ,对布袋除尘器的辅助脱硫也进行了研究。结果将有助于改进半干法脱硫技术 ,并为进一步的工业应用提供了参考数据。     

The influence of source and timing of nitrogen fertilizers on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of four sweet potato cultivars

Nitrogen (N) availability is a very important determinant of crop yield. It is also one of the most expensive inputs in crop production. Thus, the efficient management of N by farmers with limited resource is a very important part of successful soil and crop management system. A field study was conducted on a Norfolk sandy loam soil at the George Washington Carver Agricultural Experiment Station, Tuskegee, AL, to evaluate the influence of fertilizer source and timing on the yield of four sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.)] cultivars. Two N sources (urea, CO(NH₂)₂ and ammonium nitrate, NH₄NO₃), four sweet potato cultivars (‘Georgia Jet’, GA-Jet; ‘TU-82-155’, TU-155; ‘TU-1892’; and ‘Rojo Blanco’, Rojo-Bl) and three times (zero, single, and split applications) were used in a factorial designed experiment. Plants were harvested after 80 and 120 days and total and marketable yields determined. Nitrogen recovery efficiency, yield efficiency and physiological efficiency were also determined. Total and marketable yields of early maturing cultivars were significantly higher than of late maturing cultivars (P<0.05). The single application of N resulted in significantly higher yield in storage roots than split application (P<0.05). Physiological efficiency values were highly correlated with total marketable yields. Recovery rates increased with time. Late maturing cultivars tended to have higher N recovery and physiological efficiency than early maturing cultivars. These results suggest that cultivar maturity group should play an important part in N fertilization recommendations for sweet potato.     

锌镉还原法的海水硝酸盐浓度

按照《海洋调查规范》(1991)中锌镉还原法 ,用三对基体来配制NO3 -标准溶液 :NaCl水 (31gNaCl加纯水至 1L)与无氮东海海水ECS、《海洋调查规范》(1991)人工海水SAS(NaCl水加MgSO4)与ECS和Strick land Parsons(1972 )人工海水SP72 (SAS加NaHCO3 )与ECS。经测定 ,且忽略标准曲线方程的截距 ,纯水与ECS的NO3 -还原率比为 0 .2 6 6 ,NaCl水与ECS的比为 0 .70 6 ,SAS与ECS的比为 0 .90 1,而SP72与ECS的比则为1.0 0 9。显然 ,用ECS和等价的SP72定出的值最接近天然海水中NO3 -的浓度。由《海洋调查规范》(1991)SAS定出的浓度须乘上 0 .90 1～ 0 .95 6后才接近海水中NO3 -浓度。