综合治理电镀废水,实现达标排放

我们对原来因废水超标排放而被关闭的电镀车间,提出了废水达标排放的优化设计改造方案,经过电解,物理法对原来的处理工艺进行综合改造以后,废水达标循环使用,实现了设计予定目标,恢复了生产,做到经济效益、环境效益共同提高,行进合理,有推广应用价值。     

THE LETHAL AND SUB LETHAL EFFECTS OF A ZIRCONIUM PROCESS EFFLUENT ON JUVENILE SALMONIDS1

ABSTRACT: An effluent (ZPE), with high concentrations of ammonia was compared with solutions of ammonium chloride in both lethal and sublethal tests. The ZPE was more toxic than were solutions of ammonium chloride in acute toxicity tests, although ammonia was shown to be the major toxicant. The secondary toxicants present in the effluent were not identified. Growth was used as a sublethal test parameter and ZPE was again more toxic than ammonium chloride solutions at the same ammonia concentration. Concentrations of ammonia less than 3 mg/liter in ammonium chloride solutions actually stimulated the growth of juvenile chinook salmon. Concentrations of ZPE in the river at extreme low river flow could have sublethal effects on juvenile salmonids below the outfall.     

EFFECTS OF TREATED BLEACHED KRAFT MILL EFFLUENT ON EGGS AND PROLARVAE OF STRIPED BASS (MORONE SAXATILIS)1

ABSTRACT: Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) eggs and prolarvae were exposed to a range of treated bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) concentrations from 0 to 20 percent effluent by volume (v/v) under continuous flow test conditions. The treated BKME used in the study before dilution had a BOD₅ of 18 to 25 mg/l, TSS of 60 to 185 mg/l and true color of 1750 to 1755 mg/l. No mortality attributable to BKME was found in three separate egg studies. No delayed hatching of the eggs occurred in any of the BKME treatments relative to the control treatment. No significant morphological abnormalities (pugheadness, truncation, or scoliosis) were found in prolarvae exposed to BKME from the egg stage through six days post/hatch. Tests with prolarvae revealed that BKME at concentrations from 2 to 20 percent v/v did not cause mortality during exposures up to 60 hours. However, BKME concentrations ranging between 8 to 12 percent up to 20 percent v/v caused increased mortality after 72 hours of exposure.     

皮革废水除铬碱剂筛选

化学沉淀是处理含有高浓度铬的皮革废水的有效方法，碱剂的选择至关重要．其决定因素为所生成的铬泥的沉降性能与纯度，而铬泥性质的报导较少。本文比较了五种碱剂：NaOH、MgO、CaO、NaHCO3、Na2CO3，发现它们的Cr去除率均达到99％以上．但铬泥性能差别很大。MgO的铬泥沉降性能非常优越，而NaHCO3、Na2CO3的铬泥很差。铬泥纯度与沉降性能基本正相关。在NaOH和CaO中掺入部分MgO可以较大的改善所生成铬泥的性能．CaO／MgO效果更好而且更经济。CaO最大掺入量可达80％(重量比)，最佳投药量以投加后pH=8．3为宜。     

TILE RATIONALE FOR OHIO'S DETERGENT PHOSPHORUS BAN1

ABSTRACT: Ohio signed into law a detergent phosphorus ban on March 26, 1988. This law limits the elemental phosphorus content of household laundry detergents to 0.5 percent in all 35 Lake Erie counties in Ohio by 1990. Ohio's detergent phosphorus ban will help non-compliant municipal wastewater treatment plants achieve compliance with the 1 mg/L effluent phosphorus standard. By limiting the phosphorus content of household laundry detergents, Ohio will also benefit from less phosphorus entering surface waters from combined sewer overflows, communities with treatment plant bypasses, and riparian homes with septic tanks. This is important because most of the phosphorus in laundry detergents is in the bioavailable form and Ohio's Lake Erie shoreline is particularly sensitive to Cladophora problems. When viewed in conjunction with reduced chemical costs for phosphorus removal and savings in sludge disposal costs, Ohio's detergent phosphorus ban is a pragmatic component of an international phosphorus management strategy to protect the Great Lakes.     

TRICKLE IRRIGATION OF WHEAT APPLYING RENOVATED WASTEWATER1

ABSTRACT: A preliminary field experiment was conducted for trickle irrigation of winter wheat raised for grain production under arid conditions. Treated waste water was applied for trickle irrigation via a trickle system. Mean total amount of effluent applied was about 5700 m³/ha. In one of the experimental treatments, which was irrigated once a week, a grain yield of over 10,000 kg/ha was obtained, whereas in the other treatments the yields were about 8,500 kg/ha, which are above the mean yield obtained under sprinkler irrigation.     

性能化设计方法在高层建筑防火设计中的应用

针对我国现有建筑设计防火规范等一系列规范对建筑物进行防火设计的不足之处,在比较传统指令性设计规范与性能化设计规范对建筑消防设计的要求的基础之上,笔者提出“以性能化为基础的建筑防火设计”的概念及支持体系;阐述性能设计的核心、规范体系和运行过程;并将该方法应用到了大空间防火分区及中庭防排烟设计的实践工作中,取得了比较满意的结果。其理论分析与实践证明建筑物性能化消防设计与评估,为实现建筑设计的多样化,更好地满足建筑功能需要提供了一条新的途径,该设计理念和评估方法的发展将大大促进消防安全设计的科学化、合理化和成本效益的最优化。     

城市污水二级处理出水中沙门氏菌的PCR检测

建立了一种利用PCR检测城市污水二级处理出水中沙门氏菌的方法.采用膜吸附-洗脱法浓缩二级出水水样中的沙门氏菌,通过选用一对涵盖性和特异性均较强的引物139和141,对浓缩后的沙门氏菌进行PCR检测.利用正交试验法,对沙门氏菌PCR体系进行五因素四水平的试验,建立了沙门氏菌PCR的最佳体系.通过梯度PCR考察了退火温度对检测结果的影响,选择65℃作为退火温度,优化后沙门氏菌PCR体系的检测灵敏度可达0.314ngL.通过对已知细菌浓度的水样进行检测,确定了该法检测水样中沙门氏菌的灵敏度为2130CFUL.与传统MPN法的相比,该法在检测效果和检测效率上都优于MPN法.     

白腐菌漆酶催化聚合造纸废水中木素的研究

为了证实漆酶对从造纸厂二沉池出水提取出的木素的催化聚合作用,研究了白腐菌采绒革盖菌Coriolus versicolor漆酶对木素聚合的影响。在有氧条件下,通过添加漆酶和少量ABTS介体到水样中,用紫外分光光度计测定了其中木素浓度变化,利用凝胶色谱法分析了酶催化聚合木素前后的分子量的变化。结果表明:酶处理6h以后,废水中木素浓度从93.1mg/L下降到17.2mg/L。酶处理2h以后,从造纸厂污水分离的木素的分子量从31251上升到58610。造纸废水中木素及其衍生物被聚合后通过絮凝沉淀除去,从而实现废水色度与COD降低,进而为造纸废水回用提供可能。