臭氧-CNT膜改性联用工艺阈通量及膜污染分析

采用碳纳米管(carbon nanotube,CNT)对聚偏氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)中空纤维超滤膜进行改性,结合臭氧预氧化技术,考察了臭氧-CNT膜改性联用工艺的阈通量及膜表面污染情况.结果表明,原膜阈通量为45 L·(m~2·h)~(-1),联用工艺下阈通量为81 L·(m~2·h)~(-1),联用工艺相对原膜阈通量提高了约80%;且联用工艺的污染速率最低,约为0. 001 37k Pa·min-1·L-1·m~2·h.相同臭氧投量与CNT负载量下,对比联用工艺阈通量与临界通量运行情况,得出阈通量下运行过水量高于临界通量运行,表明阈通量下运行能够缓解膜污染,延长膜组件的运行时间.膜污染碳平衡实验结果表明,采用CNT对膜改性后,膜组件的纳污能力与可恢复性得到明显提高,臭氧氧化能够进一步提高CNT改性膜组件的可恢复性,大幅提高其过水性能和使用时间.     

SiO_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4的制备及制药废水的深度处理

以溶剂热法制备Fe_3O_4磁性粒子,通过改良的St?ber法在其上包覆Si O_2,并用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷对表面进行氨基修饰,制得Si O_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4磁性复合材料,并将其用于制药废水二级出水的吸附处理(吸附剂投加量1 g/L、吸附时间120 min)。表征结果显示:Si O_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4为粒径(510.0±3.6)nm的球形粒子。实验结果表明:在废水p H为5时,Si O_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4对TOC、蛋白质、腐殖酸的吸附效果最佳,三者的去除率分别达44.14%,35.58%,33.07%,与Fe_3O_4相比分别提高了25.27,21.76,21.05百分点;废水p H为6时,Si O_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4对多糖和色度的去除效果最佳,二者的去除率分别达26.03%和62.94%,与Fe_3O_4的最高去除率(p H=5时)相比分别提高了17.84百分点和22.45百分点;Si O_2-NH_2/Fe_3O_4重复使用4次,TOC和色度去除率均达初次使用时的87%以上。     

Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Clarias gariepinus Exposed to an Industrial Effluent in Nigeria

The microbiological impact of a detergent and soap industries effluent on Clarias gariepinus was assessed under laboratory conditions. The heterotrophic bacterial count obtained from fish surfaces ranged from 1.2 × 10²−2.0 × 10²cfu/ml amongst the control, while values of 4.8× 10⁶−8.6 × 10⁶ cfu/ml were obtained for the experimental fish exposed to the industrial effluent (0.025 ppm). The fungal count for the controls ranged from 1.2× 10²−1.2 × 10³ cfu/ml; while a range of 1.0 × 10⁶−2.0 × 10⁶ was obtained for the fish exposed to the industrial effluent. While twelve bacterial species were isolated from the fish exposed to the industrial effluent, only two were isolated from the parts of the control fish used in the study. The bacterial species are those in the genera Staphylococcus, Proteus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Enterobacter, and Escherichia. The fungal isolates include Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Rhodosporium, Candida, Alternaria, and Fusarium. The resistance of the bacterial isolates to the commonly used antibiotics showed that 100% were resistant to Augmentin, Amoxycillin and Cloxacillin, 85.71% to Tetracycline, 80.95% to Cotrimoxazole, 71.43% to Erythromycin, 33.33% to Chloramphenicol, and 28.57% to Gentamicin. Among the eight antibiotics tested, five patterns of multiple drug resistance were obtained, with the number of the antibiotics ranging from 4–8. The public health implications of these observations are discussed.     

聚硅氯化铝混凝剂除油效果的试验

制备不同碱化度和不同Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比的系列聚硅氯化铝作为混凝剂，实验考察了Ｂ，Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比及ＰＨ值对除油效果的影响，并考察了ＰＡＳＣ去除ＣＯＤ的效果。结果表明，Ｂ对ＰＡＳＣ混凝除油效果影响较大，随Ｂ值增大，除油效果提高；Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比对ＰＡＳＣ混凝除油效果影响较小；     

催化氧化—碱渣回流深度处理高浓度染料废水

在多种酸碱染料废水进行混合、中和的基础上,以铁屑为催化剂,H_2O_2为氧化剂,控制适当的pH,进行催化氧化,破坏染料分子结构,再辅以石灰碱渣回流中和,炉渣过滤,出水中有机质和色度均可大幅度下降,COD_(cr)的去除率>95％,色度去除率>99％。     

水质稳定剂生产的甲醇废水预处理工艺

水质稳定剂生产过程中产生高浓度的甲醇废水，采用精馏法对甲醇废水进行预处理，一方面降低废水CODcr浓度，另处还回收甲醇，工程实践表明：该方法可以在相对较低的运转费用下保证CODcr的去除率在99．5％以上，为后续好氧生物降解创造有利条件。     

二级出水回用处理工艺研究及应用

在对工业废水二级处理基础上，寻求最佳的深度处理工艺。结合二级出水水质特点，提出了“加药 气浮 过滤 吸附 消毒”的实验方案，先后解决了絮凝剂筛选、滤料优选、气浮技术参数的确定等技术问题。运行结果表明：该工艺先进，设备运行稳定，管理方便，运行成本低，处理后水质基本达到回用水标准。     

Reduction of Methane Released from Palm Oil Mill Lagoon in Malaysia and Its Countermeasures

Palm oil industry in Malaysia is one of the potential candidates for the CDM project because large amount of methane is emitted from the lagoons and open digesting tank of the wastewater treatment system. Therefore the first objective of the project is to investigate the actual GHG emission from the lagoons and open digesting tank in palm oil mills in order to establish the baseline for CDM project. Results indicated that methane contribution to biogas released from the open digesting tank and lagoon systems were 35% and 45%, respectively. These values are much lower than the reported value of 65% obtained by complete anaerobic condition of lab-scale experiments. Based on actual methane release measurement and information gathered from palm oil mill about wastewater treatment, significant amount of methane emission to the atmosphere can be reduced with the installation of new closed digesting tank system converted from the open digesting tank such as just by covering it with applying CDM. It is estimated that a total of RM2.6 million could be obtained from the selling of electricity generated from biogas generation and Certified Emission Reduction(CER). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

炉渣吸附过滤处理洗毛废水的研究

在前段新型的生物絮凝处理洗毛废水的基础上 ,研究了炉渣对其出水的处理效果。通过试验取得了较满意的结果 ,说明炉渣吸附过滤作为一种简便的后续处理是可行的 ,可为后段处理减轻压力。