物化法处理焦化废水及回用新技术

针对焦化废水治理技术的现状和存在问题,提出一种“物化法处理焦化废水及回用”新技术,阐述了其工艺原理和特点;以四川川威集团博威燃化有限公司为例,介绍了一条日处理和回用1200m^3焦化废水的示范工程的实施状况,并对新技术做出了初步的经济分析。采用新技术处理焦化废水并回用,具有很高的可行性,不仅可以实现废水零排放的目标,而且可以降低废水处理和工业用水成本。     

Performance of hybrid constructed wetland systems for treating septic tank effluent

The integrated wetland systems were constructed by combining horizontal-flow and vertical-flow bed, and their purification efficiencies for septic tank effluent were detected when the hydraulic retention time （HRT） was 1 d, 3 d, 5 d under different seasons. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of the organics, phosphorus were steady in the hybrid systems, but the removal efficiency of total nitrogen was not steady due to high total nitrogen concentration in the septic tank effluent. The average removal rates of COD （chemical oxygen demand） were 89%, 87%, 83%, and 86% in summer, autumn, winter and spring, respectively, and it was up to 88%, 85%, 73%, and 74% for BOD5 （5 d biochemical oxygen demand） removal rate in four seasons. The average removal rates of TP （total phosphorous） could reach up to 97%, 98%, 95%, 98% in four seasons, but the removal rate of TN （total nitrogen） was very low. The results of this study also indicated that the capability of purification was the worst in winter. Cultivating with plants could improve the treated effluent quality fTom the hybrid systems. The results of the operation of the horizontal-flow and vertical-flow cells （hybrid systems） showed that the removal efficiencies of the organics, TP and TN in horizontal-flow and vertical-flow cells were improved significantly with the extension of HRT under the same season. The removal rate of 3 d HRT was obviously higher than that of 1 d HRT, and the removal rate of 5 d HRT was better than that of 3 d HRT, but the removal efficiency was not very obvious with the increment of HRT. Therefore, 3 d HRT might be recommended in the actual operation of the hybrid systems for economic and technical reasons.     

电工电子产品燃烧产物的中毒危险评估

当电工电子产品陷入火灾后会产生含有毒性物质的燃烧产物,受害者吸入后会导致窒息或使感官或上呼吸道受到刺激,从而降低或失去逃生的能力,造成伤害或死亡。中毒危险评估是以毒物学、燃烧试验、化学分析等方法所获得的数据资料为依据,评估电工电子产品燃烧时使人体产生中毒危险的可能性。     

微电解反应器应用于石油炼厂污水回用的中试研究

对石油炼厂废水回用进行了 10m3 h并联微电解工艺的中试现场实验研究。检验了微电解设备的性能 ,对出水的防腐指标进行了挂片腐蚀实验。结合电化学原理对实验数据进行了分析。中试工艺的CODCr、石油、悬浮物等的去除率均达到 70 %以上 ,体现了良好的处理效果     

城市综合污水处理厂出水消毒成本-效益分析

分析研究了污水处理厂出水液氯消毒实验所涉及的成本和效益概念,提出了相应的成本-效益分析的计算方法和计算参数.以无锡市芦村污水处理厂出水为例,30 mg/L有效氯作用30 min时,能杀灭出水中98%的大肠菌群,其实施成本约为730万元/a,而产生的总效益约为1 961万元/a.其中,减少肠道传染病发病的健康效益约767万元/a,减少湖水污染和蓝藻繁殖的环境效益约为1 194万元/a,整个技术的效益-成本比约为2.7∶1.      

人工湿地脱氮除磷特性研究

针对流域水体富营养化加剧和二级处理水氮磷指标较高的问题,提出以人工湿地对二级出水继续低耗、理想地脱氮除磷。研究中通过对照不同进水水质条件下,不同结构人工湿地的脱氮除磷效能,探讨了人工湿地内的主要脱氮除磷途径。研究表明,表面流湿地内植物对氨氮吸收／吸附和硝化过程为主要氮转化途径,潜流湿地内直接反硝化过程为主要脱氮途径,脱氮效率30％～40％;磷在人工湿地内主要依赖除磷填料床的物化吸附、共沉淀去除,除磷效率达80％以上。     

焦化厂排水中微量有机污染物分析

本文采用XAD-2树脂／色谱／质谱(GC／MS)技术分析鉴定某焦化厂排水中的微量有机物。结果表明：焦化厂达标排放的废水中仍然含有芳香族及稠环类化合物如二苯乙醇酮、3,4-二氯-异氧杂萘邻酮、1,8-萘二甲酸酐,约占废水总有机碳含量的19．02％。特别是经氯氧化剂处理后生成许多卤代化合物,约占总有机碳含量的57．81％;其中包括毒性很大的二溴-氯甲烷、1-氯．1,2-二溴乙烷等,约占总有机物的7．54％。     

GROUNDSURFACE WATER INTERACTION IN THE LONG ISLAND AQUIFER SYSTEM1

Steady state experimental studies with a viscous analog of the aquifer system in central Long Island, New York, have shown there to be significant interaction between surface accretion, stream base flow, well recharge, and the degree of salt water intrusion. Reductions in accretion are found to cause a proportionately larger decrease in stream base flow. The degree of intrusion is found to be related to the distribution of accretion and well recharge between stream base flow and submarine flow to the sea. This interaction poses a conflict between development of the groundwater resource and maintenance of the surface water resource. Well recharge apparently offers a potential solution to the conflict.     

芬顿阴极-电凝聚臭氧气浮工艺处理MBR出水特性

为去除垃圾渗滤液MBR出水有机物,以铝(Al)为阳极,碳聚四氟乙烯(C-PTFE)为阴极构建了芬顿阴极-电凝聚臭氧气浮工艺,通过与常规电絮凝阴极(Al和SS)对比,探明了该工艺对垃圾渗滤液MBR膜出水的去除特性.结果表明:在pH5和臭氧流量为300mL/min时,芬顿阴极体系相比于SS和Al阴极体系对COD的去除率分别...     

O_3/BAF工艺系统中有机物生物降解数学模型

研究臭氧预氧化/曝气生物滤池（O3/BAF）联合工艺深度处理实际城市污水二级出水过程中,后续BAF系统中有机物的生物降解数学模型。以有机底物浓度、填料层高度两个基本变量为控制条件,研究BAF的总体运行常数和填料特性常数,得出BAF有机物生物降解动力学方程为（Se/S0）=exp（（-Kn/qSh0））。出水与进水COD浓度比值（Se/S0）的对数与反应器填料高度（h）之间可表达成一次函数关系。在不同的进水浓度（S0）下,根据ln（Se/S0）~h和关系式m=（K/qS0n）,得到方程ln（qm）=-nln（S0）＋lnK。BAF总体运行常数K和填料特性常数n分别为1.708和0.5063。该模型对BAF工艺有如下指导意义：可以根据设计流量、进水有机物浓度和出水浓度,初步确定BAF的尺寸（如横截面积、高度等）。