光催化/活性炭/纳滤组合工艺处理二级出水及对膜污染的控制

污水的资源化与回用可作为城市和各类建筑的非传统水源,必须满足相关水质标准,其中有机物一直是广泛关注的重要指标.本文采用华北某市大型污水厂的二级出水,研究了二氧化钛光催化氧化(UV-TiO_2)和颗粒活性炭(GAC)技术对溶解性有机物的去除特性以及对纳滤(NF)的膜污染控制特性,构建了UV-TiO_2/GAC/NF组合工艺,评价了组合工艺的有机物去除效能和膜污染控制作用,解析了影响NF膜污染程度的有机物种类和相对分子质量分布特征.结果表明,UV-TiO_2和GAC技术均可不同程度地缓解NF膜的不可逆污染、降低膜通量衰减速率; UV-TiO_2/GAC联用的不可逆膜污染程度比单独UV-TiO_2或GAC技术分别降低了48. 7%或61. 4%.类蛋白质和类腐殖质等有机污染物是不可逆膜污染的主要组分;相对分子质量为小于3×10~3和30×10~3～100×10~3的有机物是造成纳滤膜通量下降的主要因素. UV-TiO_2/GAC/NF组合工艺的COD、DOC和UV_(254)去除率为45. 7%、74. 5%和89. 2%,出水中COD、DOC和UV_(254)等有机物指标均得到有效去除.研究成果为城市和各类建筑非传统水源的深度净化与多途径回用提供了技术支持.     

尾水排放对受纳水体底栖生物膜细菌群落和水溶性有机质的影响机制

底栖生物膜是河流生态系统重要的初级生产者,能够对外界环境变化做出迅速响应,在河流碳循环过程中扮演重要角色.然而,人们对于污水处理厂尾水受纳河流底栖生物膜细菌群落与水溶性有机质(water-soluble organic matter,WSOM)的特征及内在联系的认识还十分有限.本研究使用16S rRNA高通量测序、紫外可见光谱和三维荧光-平行因子分析解析代表性污水处理厂尾水受纳区底栖生物膜细菌群落和WSOM的特征.结果表明,底栖生物膜WSOM中识别出两种类腐殖质组分和一种色氨酸类蛋白组分,其中大分子类腐殖质在底栖生物膜WSOM中占据优势地位.尾水区底栖生物膜细菌群落的均匀度及多样性沿程提高,相较于未受污染的上游区,污染源头区和污染下游区生物膜细菌群落结构更加稳定.发色水溶性有机质(colored water-soluble organic matter,CWSOM)、有机质芳香性和分子量是影响尾水区底栖生物膜细菌群落变化的主要因素,其中芳香性色氨酸类蛋白对生物膜细菌群落变化的解释度最高(34％).共现网络揭示了细菌群落与WSOM组分之间复杂的相互关系,Proteobacteria和Halobacterota通过碳循环过程参与生物膜WSOM的新陈代谢,生物膜细菌群落与WSOM的组成将以一种动态变化的模式对尾水排放做出响应.本研究为探寻尾水受纳区水生态变化的指示标志提供了新的思路.     

Treatment of coke plant wastewater by SND fixed biofilm hybrid system

In this article, coke plant wastewater was treated by a simultaneous nitrifying and denitrifying （SND） fixed biofilm hybrid system. The results showed that suitable parameters of the system were important for the performance of the bio-degradation system. The chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency in this system was satisfactory, higher than 94%, and ammonia nitrogen was higher than 95%. The effluent COD concentration could meet the discharge standard, except for very few situations. The results showed that a sufficient carbon source was important for making ammonia nitrogen concentration meet the discharge standard. Then the TiN removal efficiency in this system can be brought higher than 94%. Dissolved oxygen （DO） is very important to the performance of the SND bio-degradation system, and the suitable DO is about 3.5-4.0 mg/L at the forepart of reactor. In addition, the performance of the system was almost not affected by pH value. The results show that the system is feasible to treat coke plant wastewater.     

絮凝沉淀法处理电解金属锰废水的研究

采用絮凝沉淀法处理电解金属锰废水,主要研究水力条件、最佳混凝剂、助凝剂投加量对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明:最佳混凝剂组为聚合氯化铝-聚丙烯酰胺,其最佳投加量分别为:聚合氯化铝为90 mg/L,聚丙烯酰胺为50 mg/L。当pH=9.0时,采用先无机再有机的投加混凝剂的顺序,水力条件工艺控制为先加无机混凝剂慢速搅拌1 min,再加有机助凝剂快速搅拌2 min,效果为最佳。     

双级气浮法处理洗毛废水

阐述了用双级气浮法处理洗毛废水的全部过程及结果.用一种单元操作—双级气浮,加一次药—CK—Ⅱ型洗毛废水处理剂,使排放水的各项指标均达到GB8978—88三级标准,接近二级标准.     

Startup and operation of anaerobic EGSB reactor treating palm oil mill effluent

A bench-scale expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor was applied to the treatment of palm oil mill ettluent (POME).The reactor had been operated continuously at 35℃ for 514 d,with organic loading rate (OLR) increased from 1.45 to 17.5 kg COD/(m3·d).The results showed that the EGSB reactor had good performance in terms of COD removal on the one hand,high COD removal of 91% Was obtained at two days’ of hydraulic retention time (HRT),and the highest OLR of 17.5 kg COD/(m3·d).On the other hand,only 46% COD in raw POME Was transformed into biogas in which the methane content was about 70% (v/v).A 30-d intermittent experiment indicated that the maximum transformation potential of organic matter in raw POME into methane Was 56%.Volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation was observed in the later operation stage,and this Was settled by supplementing trace metal elements.On the whole,the system exhibited good stability in terms of acidity and alkalinity.Finally, the operational problems inherent in the laboratory scale experiment and the corresponding countermeasures were also discussed.     

Fenton氧化法处理石化含油废水生化出水

采用Fenton氧化法处理石化含油废水生化出水,通过正交实验和单因素实验优化了反应工艺条件。正交实验得到各因素对COD去除率的影响大小顺序为:溶液初始pHH_2O_2投加量n(H_2O_2)∶n(Fe~(2+))反应温度。实验最佳工艺条件为:初始溶液pH 4.0,H_2O_2投加量3.00 mL/L,n(H_2O_2)∶n(Fe~(2+))=10,反应温度35℃,反应时间60 min。在此最佳工艺条件下COD可降至60.33 mg/L,COD去除率达61.33%。在最佳工艺条件下,分别采用超声(US)-Fenton氧化和紫外光(UV)-Fenton氧化技术处理含油废水生化出水,COD去除率分别达76.77%和80.23%。但单一Fenton氧化、US-Fenton氧化和UV-Fenton氧化工艺对NH_3-N的去除效果均并不明显。     

海水养殖室内培育场出水的处理及终水回用的探讨

鱼、虾、贝等人工育苗场的出水中含有大量的排泄物、残饵、残余药物及病原微生物,但目前国内几乎所有的鱼苗场的出水均采用直接排海的办法,对近海生态环境的破坏日益严重,妨碍水产养殖的可持续发展。育苗场内用水一般经过热处理,其出水直接排海浪费大量热能,所以出水的处理及终水回用的研究应该引起重视。     

臭氧处理印染废水的方法研究

目前印染废水大都采用混凝加生化的联合处理工艺 ,但处理后出水的CODcr和色度去除率低 ,尤其对高分子合成浆料和人工合成染料的处理率更低。文中选择了较为典型的印染废水用臭氧氧化的方法进行处理 ,并在不同的pH、温度、接触时间、初始浓度、UV状态下 ,通过试验探索其氧化降解过程及氧化机理 ,取得了较为满意的试验效果。     

循环冷却水系统排污污水的危害及治理

分析炼化企业循环冷却水系统排污污水的水质特点和污染特性，介绍广州石化治理这类污水的方法和经验，阐明循环冷却系统环境污染治理的必要性和社会意义。