氟离子选择电极在环境监测中的应用

氟离子选择性电极测定大气、水、土壤等环境中的氟 ,克服了以往测氟方法中 (蒸馏法 ,滴定法 ,扩散法等 )的操作烦琐、费时、干扰重等缺点 ,具有操作方便、设备简单 ,灵敏度高 ,能快速连续测定等优点。     

利用高压脉冲放电处理废水的研究进展

本文主要对脉冲高压放电处理废水的进展情况作了论述 ,讨论了不同放电反应器的设计及其国内外的应用 ,同时对水中放电的发生及其发展研究情况作了介绍     

电子与电器废弃物资源化处理技术

当今世界电子、电器工业快速发展，层出不穷的技术创新与持续膨胀的市场需求加速了电子与电器设备的更新换代，产生了大量的电子与电器废弃物（WEEE）。鉴于WEEE所带来的严重的环境问题及其所含有的金属、贵金属、塑料及玻璃等高利用价值的材料，对WEEE进行资源化再循环处理已成为人们关注的热点。WEEE组成材料在密度、铁磁性、导电性等物理性质方面的较大差异使采用环境友好的机械物理方法对其进行资源化再循环处理成为可能。就WEEE拆解及其所含物质机械物理分离研究进展进行了综述。     

Road traffic crashes among farm vehicle drivers in southern China: A cross-sectional survey

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and potential risk factors of farm vehicle–related road traffic crashes among farm vehicle drivers in southern China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was used to interview 1,422 farm vehicle drivers in southern China. Farm vehicle–related road traffic crashes that occurred from December 2013 to November 2014 were investigated. Data on farm vehicle–related road traffic crashes and related factors were collected by face-to-face interviews.

Results: The prevalence of farm vehicle–related road traffic crashes among the investigated drivers was 7.2%. Farm vehicle–related road traffic crashes were significantly associated with self-reported vision problem (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 6.48, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.86–10.87), self-reported sleep disorders (AOR = 10.03, 95% CI, 6.28–15.99), self-reported stress (AOR = 20.47, 95% CI, 9.96–42.08), reported history of crashes (AOR = 5.40, 95% CI, 3.47–8.42), reported history of drunk driving (AOR = 5.07, 95% CI, 2.97–8.65), and reported history of fatigued driving (AOR = 5.72, 95% CI, 3.73–8.78). The number of road traffic crashes was highest in the daytime and during harvest season. In over 96% of farm vehicle–related road traffic crashes, drivers were believed to be responsible for the crash. Major crash-causing factors included improper driving, careless driving, violating of traffic signals or signs, and being in the wrong lane.

Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that farm vehicle–related road traffic crashes have become a burgeoning public health problem in China. Programs need to be developed to prevent farm vehicle–related road traffic crashes in this emerging country.     

我国电力工业的发展前景与展望

介绍了我国电力工业的发展现状，着重分析了电力工业发展中存在的诸多问题。从可持续发展的角度出发，我国电力工业在严格控制火力发电的同时，应该重点发展火力发电，适度发展核电技术，重视可再生能源的开发利用以及大力发展发布式能源冷热电联产技术。     

高炉出铁场两电场电除尘器的选用

高炉出铁场采用两电场除尘器在国内还没有应用实例，从理论和测试结果两方面阐述高炉出铁场采用两电场除尘器的可行性。     

影响土壤电动力学修复技术的主要因素

综述了影响土壤电动修复的几个主要因素，如土壤的pH值、Zeta电位、极化问题、化学性质以及含水率等等，并提出了一些可行性解决措施。如能解决好这几个问题，必将加速土壤电动修复的研究进展。     

立式宽极距多电场组合管同心圆静电收尘器的应用开发

立式宽极距多电场组合管同心圆静电收尘器在辽阳小屯水泥厂煤烘干机上首次应用 ,取得了非常理想的效果。在此对该组合管同心圆静电收尘器的原理、设计新特点等方面作出了理论论述     

本钢发电厂粉煤灰综合利用途径和方案的探讨

本钢发电厂的粉煤灰是本溪环境污染源之一,同时粉煤灰又是一种资源。该厂建厂50余年,先后建成15台锅炉,经环保治理后灰渣年排放约50万t。由于锅炉型号、煤种、温度、排灰方式等不同,灰的物理、化学性质、粒度等也不同:而不同的粉煤灰制品对粉煤灰的技术指标要求也不同;因此,本文对该厂的粉煤灰按不同的炉子,不同的性质,研制出不同的利用途径,以及探讨制定出鼓励和扶植对粉煤灰综合利用的相应政策和措施。     

Who's not driving among U.S. high school seniors: A closer look at race/ethnicity,socioeconomic factors,and driving status

Objectives: We examined associations among race/ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, and driving status in a nationally representative sample of >26,000 U.S. high school seniors.

Methods: Weighted data from the 2012 and 2013 Monitoring the Future surveys were combined and analyzed. We imputed missing values using fully conditional specification multiple imputation methods. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was conducted to explore associations among race/ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, and driving status, while accounting for selected student behaviors and location. Lastly, odds ratios were converted to prevalence ratios.

Results: 23% of high school seniors did not drive during an average week; 14% of white students were nondrivers compared to 40% of black students. Multivariate analysis revealed that minority students were 1.8 to 2.5 times more likely to be nondrivers than their white counterparts, and students who had no earned income were 2.8 times more likely to be nondrivers than those earning an average of ≥$36 a week. Driving status also varied considerably by student academic performance, number of parents in the household, parental education, census region, and urbanicity.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that resources—both financial and time—influence when or whether a teen will learn to drive. Many young people from minority or lower socioeconomic families who learn to drive may be doing so after their 18th birthday and therefore would not take advantage of the safety benefits provided by graduated driver licensing. Innovative approaches may be needed to improve safety for these young novice drivers.