Effects of deodorants on treatment of boat holding-tank waste

A literature search and survey of Virginia, USA, campgrounds with RV pump-out stations were used to determine whether boat holding-tank deodorant chemicals would have deleterious effects on marina septic systems or package treatment plants. Laboratory studies reported in the literature indicate that these chemical additives could affect septic system function in three ways: (1) active ingredients in the additives can impair sewage degradation in septic tanks, causing sludge buildup and overflow of solids into the drainfield, (2) additive chemicals might enter the drainfield and, in high enough concentrations, reduce the drainfield's ability to degrade waste, or (3) toxic additive chemicals might migrate from the drainfield to ground or surface water. Laboratory studies also show that some ingredients added to holding tanks interfere with functioning of activated sludge treatment process. Experience in the field and in other laboratory studies suggests that factors such as dilution of treated waste with untreated waste and the characteristics of the sewage to be treated can reduce the possibility of damage to septic and activated sludge systems. The campground owners surveyed indicated that they have few problems with their septic systems in spite of the presence of chemical additives in the RV waste. However, most of them practice good septic system maintenance and have devised other means of ensuring that their systems function efficiently. In addition, the survey indicates that most Virginia campgrounds get only seasonal use (as would marinas in Virginia), allowing their systems to recover between peak seasons.     

上海市在用车监测与维修制度探讨

根据上海市机动车辆的管理现状，提出上海市在用车I/M制度体系网络、监测方法、数据收集网络与“通过/不通过”排放限值方面的基本设想，为建立一个真正有效的在用车监测与维修制度提供依据。     

利用克氏螯虾触角电位监测水体Hg2+污染的研究

随着工业的发展,水体污染日趋严重。一定量的重金属对生物体和人体的生理生化功能具有多方面的毒性作用。水环境中高浓度的Hg²⁺对生物的危害极大,无机汞中又以HgCl₂为最。在水污染生物监测的研究领域内,国外已有用螯虾作为实验动物的报道。然而,迄今尚未见有Hg²⁺影响淡水螯虾触角感觉功能的报道。     

可燃有毒气体报警仪系统设置现状及应用探讨

针对当前可燃、有毒气体报警仪系统管理的日趋严格,综合归纳了在役装置可燃、有毒气体报警仪系统设置现状,重点分析了在役装置报警仪系统的不足及在实际应用中常见的问题,并提出相关整改建议和注意事项。     

刍议电动自行车废弃蓄电池污染及其防治措施

电动自行车在给人们带来方便的同时,其废弃蓄电池的危害不容忽视,如果任其发展下去,将对人和环境造成不可逆转的戕害.各种电动自行车蓄电池的发展状况不同,目前电动自行车主要使用铅酸蓄电池,各种性能优越,但酸液如果泄漏,会对环境造成影响,需要对废弃蓄电池对环境的危害提出防治措施.政府必须重视电动自行车废弃蓄电池带来的问题,从蓄电池的技术创新和回收监督以及使用物理技术和生态技术治理被污染的土壤入手,全面着手减少其对环境的危害.如果改善了蓄电池的环保性能,我国电动自行车的发展前景会很好.     

几种典型除尘器收集效率的扩散模型研究

在气流速度均匀假设下用扩散理论建立了在重力沉降室、离心式除尘器和静电除尘器中粉尘粒子的浓度分布，由此浓度分布模型和除尘效率定义得出这3种典型除尘器的分级除尘效率具有相同的表达式：η=1—exp(-Dλ^2L/u)．为了使这一由扩散理论导出的分级效率公式能够用于实际计算，给出了扩散系数D的确定方法和常数λ的计算式．     

电化学催化降解水中有机污染物的研究进展

电化学法催化降解废水中的有机污染物已引起广泛兴趣。在电极的作用下 ,电化学反应和化学催化作用结合 ,可导致有机分子的电催化降解。选用合适的电极材料可以加速电化学反应速率 ,有助于有机物的电化学转化。本文讨论了提高电催化降解速率的方法 ,指出了在该领域的研究中存在的问题和发展方向     

废旧家电回收体系建设的思考

废旧家电作为资源已被充分认识，介绍废旧家电的回收现状和回收处置的重要性，分析回收体系建设的六种渠道，结合我国部分大中城市的回收实践，探讨并提出了回收体系建设的参考途径。