生活垃圾焚烧发电项目的竣工环保验收

根据生活垃圾焚烧发电项目的特点,归纳了此类项目环境保护验收工作的法规依据、验收程序和重点内容,并提出了相应的污染防治措施。     

输变电建设项目环境影响评价的认识与实践

结合输变电环境影响评价工作实践,从输变电环评的法律、法规出发,阐述了输变电环评工作的重点内容,在此基础上论述了输变电建设项目环评中应执行的法律、法规、产业政策与清洁生产、规划相符性、环境功能区划、公众参与等“6＋2”原则,并结合实践进行了分析,提出了输变电建设项目环境影响评价中应注意的环境保护目标、公众参与等主要问题。     

Impact of crude oil price volatility on economic activities: An empirical investigation in the Thai economy

This paper empirically examines the impact of oil price volatility on key macroeconomic indicators of Thailand. Following Andersen et al. [2004. Analytical evaluation of volatility forecasts. International Economic Review 45(4), 1079–1110], quarterly oil price volatility is measured by using the realized volatility (RV). The impact of the oil price volatility is investigated using the vector auto-regression (VAR) system. The Granger causality test, impulse response functions, and variance decomposition show that oil price volatility has significant impact on macroeconomic indicators, such as unemployment and investment, over the period from 1993Q1 to 2006Q4. Perron's [1997. Further evidence on breaking trend functions in macroeconomic variables. Journal of Econometrics 80(2), 355–385] test identifies structural breaks in all the concerned variables during the time of the Asian Financial Crisis (1997–1998). A VAR for the post-crisis period shows that the impact of oil price volatility is transmitted to budget deficit. The floating exchange rate regime introduced after the crisis may be the key contributor to this new channel of impact.     

碳价格对中国工业外商直接投资的潜在影响

作为未来一段时期市场化减排政策的重要抓手,中国将于2017年启动全国碳交易市场。通过施加碳价格,碳市场将对不同行业的生产成本产生影响。那么,碳价格对中国工业外商直接投资的影响如何?是否有助于优化吸引FDI的行业结构?这正是本文关注的焦点。为了克服碳价格数据不足的问题,本文构建了碳价格与煤炭、天然气等五种能源价格之间的映射关系,并采用1999—2013年36个工业行业的面板数据,估计了能源成本对外商直接投资相对规模和绝对规模的影响,并通过碳市场不同价格水平与能源成本之间的映射关系,对工业行业吸引FDI的潜在影响进行了反事实测算。论文的主要结果有:(1)碳价格与能源成本之间的映射关系存在行业异质性,这是由不同工业行业的能源消费结构差异所致。(2)能源成本对整体FDI的规模不存在显著负向影响。其对中国吸引FDI的相对规模和绝对规模的影响在高耗能行业和非高耗能行业间存在显著的差异。(3)不同碳价格水平对中国工业吸引FDI的相对规模、绝对规模和行业结构都将产生显著影响。碳价格将显著降低高耗能行业的FDI规模,但对非高耗能行业的外资规模具有促进作用;对FDI的绝对规模的影响较之相对规模更显著。碳价格为50元时,高耗能行业FDI的相对规模累积下降2%—7%,绝对规模累积下降3%—13%;非高耗能行业FDI的相对规模累积增加1.5%—3%,绝对规模累积增加0.1%—0.3%。上述结果说明,全国碳市场建立对中国工业吸引FDI的整体规模不会产生显著的负面影响,但有助于提高非高耗能行业的FDI流入,并降低高耗能行业的FDI流入,优化工业吸引外资的行业结构。     

A well to wire LCA model development and sensitivity analysis for carbon footprint of combined cycle power plants in Iranian electricity network

The present research introduces a well to wire pseudo comprehensive carbon footprint model for combined cycle power plants. The mentioned model integrates land use change model, operational model and transmission and distribution model into one comprehensive model. The parameters which their effects are considered in the integrated model are: fuel type, fuel transmission type, emission for fuel extraction and processing, own consumption of the plant, degradation, site ambient condition, transmission and distribution losses. For quantifying the effectiveness of each parameter, sensitivity analyses based on different life cycle scenarios are performed. The result shows that the effect of land use change is negligible. The carbon footprint of electrical energy produced in combined cycle plant until it is delivered to the end users varies from 321 to 522 g CO₂ eq/kWh.     

长三角城市群各业用地价格的空间分布格局及影响因素

运用空间自相关及地理加权回归方法,揭示长三角城市群各业用地价格的空间分布及关联特征,并分析其影响因素的空间异质性,丰富和发展城市群地价空间分布规律的理论研究。研究结果表明:工业用地价格普遍偏低,商住地价价格较高,符合城市间土地级差收益规律,但商住倒挂现象明显;在空间分布上,工业地价从浙东南向苏北呈梯度递减,在空间上呈现显著空间正相关,表现为低值空间集聚;居住地价在空间上呈现出较强的空间正相关,具体表现为一、二线城市为高值集聚,商服地价不存在空间自相关性;人均可支配收入、公共财政支出对长三角城市群工业地价的影响空间差异显著,城市等级、国内生产总值和人均可支配收入对居住地价的影响空间差异明显,商服地价主要受到社会消费品总额、每万人公共汽车数量和公共财政支出影响。     

Optimal acquisition price management in a remanufacturing system

Return items received from end customers for remanufacturing is uncertain in nature. In this paper, we considered that return demand function is uncertain and sensitive to the acquisition price and the availability of used products in the market. A mathematical model was developed to investigate the impact of the availability of return items in the market on acquisition price management. Here, three different methods of collection of return items from the market are considered: direct method, indirect method and coordinated method. A numerical study was conducted to illustrate the mathematical model, and an extensive sensitivity analysis was carried out for the three different methods of collection to examine the impact of market size and the available dependency factor on acquisition price and the channel profit. The results show that the total channel profit increases when the acquisition price increases for the direct method of collection. Furthermore, the results reveal that the total channel profit increases when the market size increases for the coordinated method of collection compared with the other two methods of collection.     

Cost‐benefit analysis of soil remediation in Israeli industrial zones

Industrial zones are the main source of soil pollution in Israel. Due to the upcoming approval of the bill on soil contamination and remediation in Israel, it is important to assess the economic feasibility of soil remediation. This study examines the economic feasibility of an extensive remediation project of all contaminated industrial zones in Israel. The estimated economic benefits include both direct benefits, resulting from the increase in the land value of the contaminated site, and indirect benefits, arising from the increase in nearby property values. A cost‐benefit analysis showed a cost benefit ratio of 1:14. Nonetheless, the direct benefits were found to be lower than the costs. Thus, the question of funding requires collaboration between government and the private sector.     

生态产品市场化实现路径及二元价格体系

本文从微观经济学角度阐释生态产品的市场化实现路径及其价格机制。认为生态产品市场化路径的前提是存在有形的,能够体现劳动价值,可交换的产品实体。鉴于现有研究所讨论的生态产品价值的体现皆源于各环境要素的支撑,因此可将清洁的水、空气、土壤等优质环境要素凝练为生态产品的基本有形载体。在此基础上,本文指出政府提供生态产品的有效路径有三条:创造、维系改善及修复。其中修复路径是现阶段市场化的优先选择方式。通过结合现阶段我国新的环保商业化模式——合同环境服务这一新命题,本文构建了生态产品合同环境服务政府采购的有效市场化路径,即政府通过绩效合同采购第三方环保服务,以综合环境目标为合同标的,通过所采购的一体化环境修复项目实现提供良好的生态产品。在此基础上围绕生态产品价格组成,本文提出生态产品的二元价格体系:指出生态产品买入与卖出的不同经济行为对应着生态环境的保护与开发两种对立的发展模式,这两种市场行为的外部性存在正负两种情景。综合考虑生产资料所有者属性,本文创新性地提出生态产品市场交易应采用买入-卖出二元价格体系。买入价格也称保护价格,主要考虑生产成本与利润,生产成本即生态修复项目的费用支出,其中利润是购买者(政府)予以产品生产者(提供修复服务的环保服务商)适当的利润空间,作为该生产者经济行为正外部性的补贴;出让价格也称牺牲价格,包括生产成本、社会成本(外部性成本)、生产资料成本、利润等,其中出让行为价格组成中的社会成本获益是政府,应主要用于支付环境管理成本。值得注意的是,在二元价格体系中,学者们讨论的生态产品价值与买入价格相关性不大,在数值或更接近出让价格。     

柴油发电机环境低频噪声影响防治初探

以设在民用住宅里的柴油发电机环境低频噪声对环境的影响为研究对象,就柴油发电机环境低频噪声对环境敏感点的影响进行监测,了解民用住宅里的柴油发电机环境噪声对环境的影响水平,参照我国的国家标准作环境影响评价,探讨民用住宅里的柴油发电机环境低频噪声对环境的污染防治对策.