Application of electrochemical reactor divided by cellulosic membrane for optimized simultaneous removal of phenols,chromium, and ammonia from tannery effluents

The post treatment of simulated tannery wastewater was evaluated in an electrochemical oxidation process under galvanostatic conditions. A continuous flow reactor divided by a cellulosic membrane consisted of Ti/SnO₂–Sb anodes and iron cathodes was used. Central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to investigate the effects of six operational parameters, namely initial concentration of total phenols (TPh), total chromium (TCr), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), flow rate (Q), current intensity (I), and electrode surface area (A). Effectiveness of the innovative cellulosic membrane was proven by considerable pH variations in the anolyte and catholyte chambers. A faster removal rate was observed for TPh and TAN, followed by TCr. The treatment level was very sensitive to Q and I in the studied ranges. RSM showed the removal efficiencies of 78.14%, 63.42%, and 86.09% for TPh, TCr, and TAN, respectively, are achieved under optimal conditions with consumption of only 9.03 kWh m^?3 electrical energy. Chlorinated compounds such as chloroform, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and chlorobenzene were detected as the degradation intermediates. According to the obtained results, electrolysis in the divided cell with cellulosic membrane is a practical, cost-effective method for advanced treatment of tannery effluents.     

The abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis

This review reports the research progress in the abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis. For air pollution control, the selective catalytic reduction of NO _x (SCR) by ammonia and hydrocarbons on metal oxide and zeolite catalysts are reviewed and discussed, as is the removal of Hg from flue gas by catalysis. The oxidation of Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by photo- and thermal-catalysis for indoor air quality improvement is reviewed. For wastewater treatment, the catalytic elimination of inorganic and organic pollutants in wastewater is presented. In addition, the mechanism for the procedure of abatement of air and water pollutants by catalysis is discussed in this review. Finally, a research orientation on environment catalysis for the treatment of air pollutants and wastewater is proposed.     

磁性水滑石双金属催化剂吸附-催化氢还原去除水中高氯酸盐的研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备磁性钯钴水滑石催化剂（M-Pd/Co@CHT）,用于吸附催化还原去除水中的高氯酸盐.同时,研究了不同溶液pH值、催化剂投加量、温度、共存离子和氢气流量等因素的影响,考察了吸附动力学和等温吸附过程.最后对反应前后材料进行表征,以明确吸附催化氢还原反应机理.结果表明：在较宽的pH范围（5~10）内,M-Pd/Co@CHT显示出对高氯酸盐较高、较稳定的吸附效率;伪二阶动力学模型和Langmuir模型能很好地拟合催化剂对高氯酸盐的吸附规律,说明该吸附过程是近似单层的化学吸附,最大单层吸附容量为172.65 mg·g^-1;温度、投加量和供氢气量对M-Pd/Co@CHT加氢催化还原高氯酸盐有显著的影响,当高氯酸盐初始浓度为10 mg·L^-1时,在最优实验条件下30 min可以去除约54%的高氯酸盐;利用XRD、FTIR、BET、XPS及VSM等手段对M-Pd/Co@CHT进行表征,结果表明,介孔M-Pd/Co@CHT可以有效吸附或催化高氯酸盐;高氯酸盐首先被吸附至M-Pd/Co@CHT上从而恢复其层状结构,而后在Pd/Co二元金属催化剂的作用下被氢还原去除;利用外加磁场能够实现材料的固液分离,可以有效地避免二次污染.     

离子交换膜应用于光/电/化学协同催化反应器

在光/电/化学协同催化反应器中,以离子交换膜代替盐桥连通阴、阳两室,以30 mg/L的甲基红溶液为目标降解物,考察了不同连通方式、初始pH和阴极电位对反应的影响. 结果表明:甲基红在阳离子膜型反应器中的表观反应速率常数明显高于盐桥型及阴离子交换膜型反应器,这是由于阳离子交换膜可以及时有效地将阳极室中产生的H+转移至阴极室中参与阴极反应. 甲基红在阳离子膜型反应器中的去除率随溶液初始pH的增高而降低,随阴极电位的增加先增大后减小,最佳反应条件为pH=2.0～3.0,阴极电位(-E_c)=0.6 V.      

电化学氧化杀灭水库原水中藻类的研究

由Ti/RuO2棒为阳极、不锈钢管为阴极组成电氧化管式反应装置,对电氧化杀灭水库含藻原水中的藻类进行了研究。结果显示:处理累积停留时间20 min后,叶绿素a去除率达100%,对浓缩10倍水样,藻毒素MCLR的去除率达98%以上。细胞的死亡及胞内物质的损失,导致溶液DOC值从32 mg/L上升至50 mg/L,但在电氧化作用下,可下降至12 mg/L。氧化降解产物使溶液UV254值上升,从0.09 cm-1上升至0.14 cm-1,溶液UV410值没有太大变化。处理过程中pH值从8.4迅速下降至7.4后,基本维持稳定,电导率以21μS/(cm.min)速率呈线性下降趋势,溶液离子浓度改变较大。     

制药废水生化出水的强化混凝—高级氧化深度处理组合工艺比较

采用强化混凝和高级氧化法对制药废水生化出水进行深度处理,比较了不同混凝剂、不同氧化方法（包括Na₂S₂O₈氧化、电化学氧化、Fenton/类Fenton氧化）的处理效果。实验结果表明：经聚合硫酸铁与聚丙烯酰胺强化混凝处理后,废水的COD去除率达18.5%;强化混凝与不同氧化方法联用均可使废水脱色至无色,COD去除率达70.1%~92.4%。强化混凝—电化学氧化组合工艺的出水COD为27.1 mg/L,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准限值要求,且成本较低,适于实际应用。     

硫酸锰催化法测定高氯根气田水化学需氧量

文章针对高氯根气田水特点,使用硫酸锰代替GB／T11914—1989《水质化学需氧量的测定重铬酸盐法》中的硫酸银作为催化剂,确定了硫酸锰催化法测定化学需氧量的试验条件。分别在4个实验室间开展比对测试,并对川西北气矿3个典型井站高氯根气田水开展现场应用,测定结果的相对偏差均在规定范围内,取得了良好的应用效果。     

Chlorobenzene degradation by electro-heterogeneous catalysis in aqueous solution: intermediates and reaction mechanism

This study was performed to investigate the variables that influence chlorobenzene (CB) degradation in aqueous solution by electro-heterogeneous catalysis.The effects of current density,pH,and electrolyte concentration on CB degradation were determined.The degradation effciency of CB was almost 100% with an initial CB concentration of 50 mg/L,current density 15 mA/cm2,initial pH 10,electrolyte concentration 0.1 mol/L,and temperature 25°C after 90 min of reaction.Under the same conditions,the degradation eff...     

Zn/Fe体系湿法催化氧化高效脱除沼气中H2S的研究

提出了Zn/Fe体系湿法催化氧化脱除沼气中H2S新工艺,阐述了反应机理、实验装置和工艺流程,考察了各单因素操作条件对H2S脱除效率的影响,在此基础上进行的综合条件实验,脱硫效率都维持在99.6%以上,净化后沼气中H2S含量低于国家标准。过程不消耗任何化工原料,不产生二次污染,体系无降解问题。     

电化学法处理苯酚模拟废水的研究

电化学法处理废水中有机污染物,具有效率高、操作简便、与环境兼容等优点,是一种很有潜力的高级氧化技术。实验是以废旧一号干电池中的碳棒作电极,用烧杯作电解池,在室温下,通过改变支持电解质（Na2SO4）浓度、负载电压、pH值和苯酚初始浓度等影响因素,对苯酚模拟废水进行电化学处理,利用高效液相色谱仪对其处理效果进行了分析研究,结果表明：支持电解质（Na2SO4）浓度为20.0g/L、负载电压为5.5V、pH值为8.0是处理苯酚模拟废水的最佳条件。最后对苯酚的降解机理进行了初步探讨。