间接电化学降解亚甲基蓝废水的可行性研究

研究以ClO^-／Cl^-作媒介，间接电化学降解亚甲基蓝模拟废水的可行性。结果表明，亚甲基蓝的电化学降解与电极材料、电流密度以及添加剂种类等因素有关。以石墨为阳极，不锈钢为阴极，在无隔膜的烧杯中放置50ml浓度为1000mg/L的亚甲基蓝模拟废水，在室温25℃，pH6．0－8．0，槽电压10V，电流密度30．0mA/cm^2，Cl^-加入量2g/L的条件下，电解60min后，亚甲基蓝溶液的平均消色率达到98．0％，CODcr降解率为97．0％，BOD5降解率为99．0％；用浸涂过MnO2薄膜的石墨棒作阳极可显著加快其消解速率，而用浸涂过CeO2薄膜的石墨棒作阳极对其消解速率无明显的影响。并初步讨论了其降解机理。     

干燥过程中的噪声危害及防治措施

粮食烘干过程的噪声危害必须引起人们的重视，通过对噪声产生的根源及给作业人员健康带来的损害进行分析，结合生产实际，提出了防治措施。     

卧具烘干房蒸汽噪声的治理

针对卧具烘干房蒸汽噪声严重的情况，利用小孔喷射消声原理，采用喷射小孔扩散式蒸汽消声器，并结合工程实际对消声器作了适当改进，治理效果均达到《城市区域环境噪声标准》ＧＢ９０９６—８２二类混合区标准。     

Predicting mass rapid transit noise levels on an elevated station

This study developed a noise prediction model for elevated mass rapid transit (MRT) platforms. Relevant physical and operational parameters (e.g. cruise speed, acceleration and deceleration rates for trains, building fa?ade setbacks and so on) were collected from the Bangkok mass transit system (BTS), the first elevated MRT system operated in Bangkok, Thailand. The equivalent continuous sound pressure levels (L(Aeq)) were collected from both sides of the MRT stations at the center of each platform. The relevant parameters were collected on both platforms and ground level, on both sides of MRT stations. These parameters were statistically tested to determine their correlation with MRT noise. The final model was built from highly correlated parameters using multiple regression analysis with a stepwise regression technique. Statistical evaluation showed a high degree of goodness-of-fit test for the model to the observed data. Therefore, it can be efficiently used for the projection of MRT noise in the affected areas.     

博乐市城市环境噪声分析及防治对策探讨

论述了博乐市自1992-2006年城市环境噪声状况,对交通噪声、生活噪声、建筑施工噪声及发展趋势进行了分析,并提出必须从城市总体规划的战略高度统筹实施综合整治,有效地控制噪声污染.     

某飞机维修公司个人听力防护用品使用情况调查分析

为了解听力防护用品使用过程中的问题,提高我国噪声暴露工人听力防护用品的使用率和有效率,选择噪声危害较大的某飞机维修公司的员工,进行听力防护用品使用情况的问卷调查。结果显示:该公司为员工提供耳塞和耳罩两种听力防护用品;员工的听力保护意识、使用情况较好,使用率达95%,但对听力防护用品相关知识的了解不够全面;能够在工作中一直坚持使用的工人较少,仅占11%,影响工人工作时间使用听力防护用品时间长短的因素主要是其舒适性。调查分析提示:在未来听力防护用品的生产过程中,需要进一步加强和改善舒适性的技术;政府、企业和个人3方面共同参与,降低职业性噪声暴露对工人听力的损伤。     

平原高速公路交通噪声对两侧敏感区域影响的探讨

针对目前平原高速公路交通噪声影响两侧敏感区域的状况,环评预测结果偏差过大的问题,应用声学传播理论,对交通噪声的衰减结果进行计算,并用实测数据进行验证。其结果对平原高速公路交通噪声的管理与治理提供相应的参考。     

Impacts of Chronic Anthropogenic Noise from Energy‐Sector Activity on Abundance of Songbirds in the Boreal Forest

Abstract: The effects of human activities in forests are often examined in the context of habitat conversion. Changes in habitat structure and composition are also associated with increases in the activity of people with vehicles and equipment, which results in increases in anthropogenic noise. Anthropogenic noise may reduce habitat quality for many species, particularly those that rely on acoustic signals for communication. We compared the density and occupancy rate of forest passerines close to versus far from noise‐generating compressor stations and noiseless well pads in the boreal forest of Alberta, Canada. Using distance‐based sampling, we found that areas near noiseless energy facilities had a total passerine density 1.5 times higher than areas near noise‐producing energy sites. The White‐throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), Yellow‐rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata), and Red‐eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) were less dense in noisy areas. We used repeat sampling to estimate occupancy rate for 23 additional species. Seven had lower conditional or unconditional occupancy rates near noise‐generating facilities. One‐third of the species examined showed patterns that supported the hypothesis that abundance is influenced by anthropogenic noise. An additional 4 species responded negatively to edge effects. To mitigate existing noise impacts on birds would require approximately $175 million. The merits of such an effort relative to other reclamation actions are discussed. Nevertheless, given the $100 billion energy‐sector investment planned for the boreal forest in the next 10 years, including noise suppression technology at the outset of construction, makes noise mitigation a cost‐effective best‐management practice that might help conserve high‐quality habitat for boreal birds.     

一株产电菌嗜根考克氏菌(Kocuria rhizophila)的分离及其产电性能优化

本研究以天津泰达污水处理厂污泥浓缩间的污泥为接种物,启动并运行了微生物燃料电池(MFCs).从富集的阳极生物膜上分离得到了一株纯培养的微生物菌种,命名为P2-A-5.研究发现,菌株P2-A-5的16S rDNA序列与菌株Kocuria rhizophila DC2201具有100%的同源性,结合该菌的形态特征和生理生化实验,将其归属为嗜根考克氏菌(Kocuria rhizophila).通过化学剂处理、底物种类和浓度的优化,进一步提高其在微生物燃料电池中的产电性能.结果表明,菌株K.rhizophila P2-A-5经0.5 mg·L-1溶菌酶处理45 min后,接种到以2.0 g·L-1海藻糖为底物的阳极液中运行MFCs,其功率密度达到314.8 m W·m-2,比优化前(74.9 m W·m-2)提高了320.3%.这是首次对K.rhizophila种内微生物产电性能及其在微生物燃料电池中应用的报道,其成果对于丰富产电微生物的多样性,挖掘更多具有高电化学活性的微生物菌种,提高其产电性能具有重要的理论意义.     

密封充氢环境条件下固态电化学氢气传感器效应试验研究

目的研究密闭充氢环境下固态电化学氢气传感器效应。方法设计能模拟低氧、低氢和压力变化的密闭充氢环境,并在此环境中进行一系列氢气传感器效应试验,分析、评定试验数据。结果得到了不同环境下氢气、氧气浓度随时间变化的规律,提出固态电化学氢气传感器的有效工作环境,并预测了其在不同贮存环境下的工作寿命。结论密闭充氢环境内压力和温度的变化对固态电化学氢气传感器影响较大,湿度影响较小,注气检定合格的氢气传感器,在密封容器内扩散式检定,不合格率高,检定数据误差大于±5%FS。