噪声监测的全过程质量控制

对于噪声的现场监测工作,提出全过程质量控制,明确总体方案。针对噪声监测的全过程,包括测量前准备、测量进行过程中遇到的各方面细节问题提出解决方法,保证其数据及结果的科学性、有效性。     

绿化林带对交通噪声的衰减效果

为了研究公路绿化林带的降噪效果,对路侧林带降低实时交通噪声的效果进行定位测量,并将交通噪声人工编辑为不同频率的噪声,在远离交通噪音的林带中进行模拟试验,测定林带对不同频率噪声的衰减效果.结果表明：林带对交通噪声衰减有一定作用,其作用随能见度增大而降低;林带降噪效果随林带宽度增大而增大,可决系数为0.990,但在30m宽度内随林带宽度的增加,噪声的降低速率有所下降;不同林带类型的降噪效果有所不同,所选30m宽林带类型中,国槐纯林的降噪效果最佳可达15.38dB,而杨树、柳树纯林降噪效果较弱,分别为7.25、11.02dB;林带对中低频率噪声的平均衰减作用高于高频率噪声.     

活塞式压缩机的降噪治理

对天然气活塞式压缩机产生噪声的原因进行了分析,依据噪声产生机理,提出了相应的治理措施和对策,经过治理,达到了GB12348-90《工业企业厂界噪声标准》Ⅱ级标准,减少了噪声危害;保证了设备的正常操作及维护。     

原油外输泵房噪声分析与防治

介绍了采油厂原油外输泵房的噪声现状及噪声对职工造成的危害,分析了噪声的主要来源为电磁噪声、机械噪声、空气动力l陛噪声以及阀门噪声、摩擦噪声和管路噪声等,其声压级在90～104dB之间,频率主要集中在200～3000Hz范围,并制定了噪声治理方案。     

二次电池电极材料环境影响计算系统

以生命周期评价理论为基础,建立了电极材料电化学性能与环境影响的内在量化关联关系分析方法。基于Java语言,设计和编写了二次电池电极材料环境影响综合计算系统,协调考虑了二次电池的循环特性、电化学特征等,实现了环境影响评价过程中对材料质量需求的便捷计算,进而实现了整个评价操作过程的综合化、软件化和信息化,提高了评价效率。选用LiFePO_4/C,LiFe_(0.98)Ti_(0.02)PO_4/C,LiFe_(0.98)Mn_(0.02)PO_4/C和FeF_3(H_2O)_3/C 4种正极材料基于此系统进行了实例应用。     

Health impact and noise exposure assessment in the cricket bat industry of Kashmir,India

Aim. The aim of the present study was to identify and evaluate predominant noise sources in the cricket bat industry of Kashmir, India. Methods. Sound levels were measured at operator’s ear level in the working zone of the workers of seven cricket bat factories. The impact assessment was made through personal interviews with each worker separately during their period of rest. Results. On average, 62.5% of the workers reported difficulty in hearing and 24.1% of the workers have become patients for hypertension. Only 58.1% of the workers complained of headache due to high noise level. Conclusions. The workers engaged in the cricket bat industry of Kashmir are exposed to high noise levels. It is suggested that personal protective equipment like ear plugs and ear muffs be used by these workers as a protection against this hazard.     

Evaluation of noise environments during daily activities of university students

Noise conditions specifically in areas inside university facilities and its impact on the quality of life of university students are topics that have received little attention. This paper presents a study of the noise conditions in which university students of various institutions in Madrid, Spain, carry out their daily studies. A representative number of measurements was carried out using noise dosemeters and dataloggers in order to evaluate the levels of noise, noise dose and exposure to noise during school periods and extracurricular activities. The results were compared with the recommendations given by current environmental noise regulations. This paper was complemented with a survey to get to know how students perceive the exposure to noise in university environments.     

电化学消毒法对水中大肠杆菌的灭活特性

本研究通过电化学消毒小试装置,系统考察了电极板材料、极板间距、p H、水温、Na Cl浓度等因素对水中大肠杆菌CGMCC 1.3373灭活效果的影响,并进一步考察了电化学消毒对抗生素抗性大肠杆菌CGMCC 1.1595的灭活效果及其抗性变化.结果发现,在相同的电化学消毒条件下,阳极采用钌铱涂层的钛电极板的灭活效果显著优于铅涂层和铱钽涂层电极板,并且极板间距为50 mm时灭活率最高.进一步研究表明,电化学消毒法对大肠杆菌的灭活率随水的p H升高而降低,随水温和Na Cl浓度升高而升高.在相同消毒条件下,电化学法对四环素抗性大肠杆菌的灭活率显著低于普通大肠杆菌.消毒后存活的抗性菌对四环素、青霉素、氯霉素的抗性,随消毒时间延长呈现先下降后上升的规律.     

环境规划中声环境管控分级研究——以长春市龙嘉机场为例

文章以长春市龙嘉机场为研究对象,结合机场参数指标,绘制机场噪声等值线图,并与城市规划相结合,评价机场周边噪声影响程度以及机场噪声对城市发展的限制作用.文章首先对机场周边56个噪声监测点位进行机场噪声数据采集,通过专业软件进行飞行事件分析,在飞行程序及飞行数据分析基础上,利用INM模拟软件进行机场模型构建,绘制机场噪声等值线图.结果表明,龙嘉机场Lwecpn 70以上区域总面积11.28平方公里,机场周边各类建设用地布局符合声环境标准当中土地用地的布局要求.     

温岭市东环高架交通对声环境的影响评价与预测

相较于一般的城市道路,城市高架具有通行能力大、行车速度高、车辆行驶状态复杂的特点,噪声污染极为突出.温岭市东环高架穿越温岭市区,是进出市区唯一的快速通道.以温岭市东环高架道路为例,对其进行实地监测从而了解其声环境,同时运用BREEZE NOISE软件模拟其噪声污染状况.根据监测模拟结果,从合理进行道路规划、装设声屏障和铺设低噪声路到提出高架复合道路噪声污染控制的对策建议.