中国企业社会责任财务绩效评价模型研究

2003年,英国政府出台了<我们能源的未来-创建低碳经济>能源白皮书,其中首次引入了"低碳经济"的概念,随后越来越多的学者开始探讨这种经济发展模式及其技术和政策的可行性,并展开了一系列实证研究.而在这种新的经济发展趋势下,作为经济主体的企业所要承担的社会责任也就被赋予了新的内窖.那么在向低碳经济转型的过程中,如何对企业的社会责任进行客观、有效的评价将对于企业更好履行其社会责任起到重要作用.基于我国国情,本文通过对低碳经济发展模式下中国企业社会责任财务绩效进行模型研究,提出了在传统指标分析模型基础上进行数据包络分析(DEA)和可持续计量的双重模型修正,以期弥补传统财务绩效模型在企业有效投入分析和动态性评价方面的缺陷和不足.     

基于机器学习分类算法解析EIS数据的有机涂层性能评价方法

目的 基于机器学习分类算法快速评估有机涂层的防腐性能。方法 通过实验室加速试验模拟涂层真实的退化过程,并根据测得的电化学数据,分析不同退化阶段的等效电路元件参数。随后,采用随机抽样方法获取大量数据,用于机器学习模型训练。通过对比支持向量机(SVM)、k最近邻(k-NN)和随机森林(RF)3种不同的机器学习算法,以及多种输入特征集训练的涂层性能分类器模型的准确率,分析最适合用于涂层性能快速评估的机器学习算法和电化学特征。结果 根据不同输入特征训练的k-NN和RF模型均表现出良好的预测效果,而SVM模型的预测效果相对较差。根据不同频率范围训练的分类器模型中,在低频区表现最佳,而在高频区表现较差。结论 基于阻抗虚部、虚部+实部和阻抗模值3种输入特征训练的RF分类器模型的预测效果最准确。不同频率区间内,低频区的阻抗特征更能准确表征涂层性能。     

不锈钢板式热沉传热特性的实验与模拟研究

目的 研究流量、胀高及焊点排布方式对不锈钢板式热沉传热特性的影响。方法 搭建实验平台,加工出结构参数不同的板式热沉实验件,同时采用静力隐式算法建立相应的几何模型,通过实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究流量、胀高和焊点排布方式的变化对板式热沉热阻的影响规律,并分析热沉流道内部流场状态。结果 首先计算了6个工况下的热阻,发现实际换热量为540 W时,数值模拟与实验结果的最大相对误差不大于25%。然后分析了误差来源,最后得到了热沉全流道速度场与温度场的分布情况。结论 实验与模拟结果有较好的符合程度,证明了数值模拟方法的可靠性。在换热量相同时,板式热沉的热阻随流量与胀高的增大而减小,焊点为菱形排布的热沉传热性能相对更好。板式热沉内部的流场具有周期性,焊点使流体扰动增强,并形成射流和旋涡,起到了强化传热的效果。     

上海市社区内影响居民垃圾分类效果的关键措施指标研究

本研究依托复旦大学意愿—习惯垃圾分类行为理论对上海市不同区域、不同类型的55个社区进行大范围调研,识别出包括设施、志愿者、保洁员、启动、定时定点、租户、管理和绿色账号在内的8个社区内影响居民垃圾分类效果的关键措施指标,并且通过指标与社区实际分类效果的相关性结果证明了该指标体系的有效性。研究结果还表明,上海市社区内影响垃圾分类效果的最主要的措施指标是硬件设施、保洁人员、“定时定点”制度和志愿者。研究结果一方面可以供上海市基层政府人员使用指标体系来进行监督,另一方面也为社区因地制宜地采取措施来提高和巩固社区垃圾分类效果提供了具体的科学支撑。     

粉煤灰多孔陶粒在水处理中的应用研究

研究采用电厂的粉煤灰为主要原料制备多孔陶粒,分别将其用作水处理中的微生物载体和吸附剂。挂膜结果表明:COD、氨氮这两项指标的出水基本稳定,去除率高。用多孔陶粒作吸附剂处理含铬废水时,等温吸附实验表明,多孔陶粒吸附水中的铬的等温方程基本符合Langmiur等温方程式,在pH值为酸性时对铬的去除率较高。用HCl和NaOH溶液再生多孔陶粒,酸的效果更好。     

氮对酵母菌-SBR系统效能及酵母形态的影响研究

在酵母菌-SBR系统处理高含油废水中研究了氮添加对酵母细胞形态、沉降性、废水处理效果的影响及恢复能力.结果表明,氮添加量直接影响到系统中酵母菌的生物量,沉降性、pH和处理效果;氮缺乏诱发某些酵母菌菌株细胞由酵母形态向真菌丝形态转化,进而影响到酵母菌的沉降性;从系统运行效果和稳定性方面综合考虑,运行时最佳的进水BOD/N为20/1;恢复最佳氮添加能提高不同程度缺氮系统的处理效果,并可使轻度菌丝化系统快速恢复酵母形态为主,但在短期内对高度菌丝化系统的恢复效果不明显.     

Enhanced electrochemical oxidation of phenol by introducing ferric ions and UV radiation

The mineralization of phenol in aerated electrochemical oxidation has been investigated.The results show that a cathodic Fenton process can occur when the Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni alloy material is used as cathode in solution containing ferric or ferrous ions; moreover,the reinforcement of cathodic Fenton process on the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate of phenol is quite distinct.Among the metallic ions investigated,the ferric ion is the best catalyst for the electrochemical mineralization of phenol at initial...     

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) micropollutant herbicide removing from water using granular and powdered activated carbons: a comparison applied for water treatment and health safety

Abstract

Activated carbons are well-known porous materials as an effective adsorbent used for the removal of emerging contaminants, such as herbicides, which are increasingly present in water bodies. Most water treatment plants, specially in Brazil, are unable to completely remove such contaminants by the conventional process and advanced treatment using activated carbons is required. The aim of this paper was to verify the influence of the activated carbons granulometry and specific surface area on the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide removal efficiency using distilled-deionized water and filtered water collected from a conventional Water Treatment Plant. Commercial activated carbons samples used in this work were obtained from two different manufacturers. Activated carbons were analyzed by the specific surface area, pore size and volume distribution, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and x-ray spectroscopy, moisture, volatile matter and ash contents. Batch adsorption isotherms experiments were used and performed by Langmuir and Freundlich models. Granular and powdered activated carbons removed over 99% of 2,4-D in distilled water and near to 99% using filtered water. The activated carbons evaluated in this work presented high performance and played a key role in water treatment by removing 2,4-D herbicide, ensuring the protection of human health and the ecosystem.     

Integration & assessment of recycling into c-Si photovoltaic module’s life cycle

Photovoltaic (PV) energy generation devices have experienced a vigorous growth in production over the last decade in all major industrialised countries. In this research paper, the assessment of recycling and subsequent production of new crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV modules taking advantage of the recovered Si in terms of industrial symbiosis is being examined. With the aid of life cycle analysis method, the potential payback is thoroughly examined through a scenario application in the second useful phase of the PV module. Furthermore, key environmental performance indicators have been implemented in order to evaluate power and resource demands.     

Electrochemical reduction characteristics and mechanism of nitrobenzene compounds in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process

The reduction of the nitrobenzene compounds （NBCs） by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process and the relationship between the electrochemical reduction characteristics of NBCs at copper electrode and reduction rate were studied in alkaline medium（pH=11）. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process was found more effective on degradation of NBCs compared to Master Builder＇s iron. The reduction rate by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process decreased in the following order： nitrobenzene 〉4-chloro-nitrobenzene ≥m-dinitrobenzene ：〉 4-nitrophenol ≥2,4-dinitrotoluene 〉2-nitrophenol. The reduction rate by Master Builder＇s iron decreased in the following order： m-dinitrobenzene ≥4-chloro-nitrobenzene 〉4-nitrophenol 〉2,4-dinitrotoluene ≈nitrobenzene 〉2-nitrophenol. NBCs were reduced directly on the surface of copper rather than by the hydrogen produced at cathode in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The reduction was realized by the hydrogen produced at cathode and Fe（OH）2 in Master Builder＇s iron, It is an essential difference in reaction mechanisms between these two technologies. For this reason, the reduction by the catalyzed Fe-Cu depended greatly on NBC＇s electron withdrawing ability.