The safety observer effect: the effects of conducting safety observations

INTRODUCTION: Some research suggests that conducting safety observations of another's safety performance may serve as an effective tool in increasing the safety performance of the observer. The primary purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of conducting safety observations on the postural safety performance of observers engaging in an assembly task for short time periods. The secondary objectives of the study were: (a) to measure productivity, and (b) to measure the accuracy of participant safety observations. METHOD: An ABC (A: baseline, B: information, C: observation) multiple-baseline design counterbalanced across postural behaviors (back, shoulder, and feet position) was implemented with six participants. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Substantial improvements in postural safety occurred after participants conducted safety observations, and these improvements did not appear to negatively affect productivity. Results also suggest that there is no relation between the accuracy of an observer's safety observation and their subsequent safety performance. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This research provides evidence that a safety observation process can function to increase safe postural behavior of observers. Thus, the implementation of such a process may contribute to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders and related costs in the workplace.     

电化学法去除水中氯代有机化合物的研究进展

氯代有机化合物难降解、环境危害性极大,对氯代有机化合物的污染进行治理已成为水污染控制的重要课题。介绍了直接电化学氧化法、间接电化学氧化法、直接电化学还原法和间接电化学还原法用于水中氯代有机化合物处理的机理、研究现状;总结了电化学法去除氯代有机化合物的影响因素,同时指出电化学法在实际应用中存在的问题,并展望了氯代有机化合物电化学处理技术的应用前景。     

不同抗震设计的砖混结构校舍抗震性能对比

砖混结构在我国中小学校舍中所占的比例较高,在近几年发生的地震中,其震害十分明显。以中原地区某县中小学校舍鉴定汇总结果为基础,取某砖混结构教学楼为例,分未考虑抗震设计、考虑抗震设计和未考虑抗震设计但进行了抗震加固改造三种工况,以PKPM软件对其进行抗震性能对比分析,并以此方法对该县中小学砖混结构校舍进行抗震性能计算及对比分析。结果表明,校舍中考虑抗震设计的工况比其它工况的抗震性能高,该地区2000年前的校舍需改造加固。     

海外石油天然气行业的承包商安全管理

出于技术和经济上的考虑,中国石油海外勘探开发公司（CNODC）作为中国石油天然气集团公司（CNPC）海外油气业务投资主体一直将大部分核心业务外包给不同专业领域的承包商。由于石油天然气行业相对较高的安全环保风险、资源国用工政策限制、合作伙伴利益冲突、承包商HSE文化成熟度差异、作业公司承包商HSE管理漏洞等原因,CNODC在计划、招标、评标、合同签订、合同执行等各个阶段都面临着承包商HSE管理方面的多重挑战。为了加强对外包合同的前瞻性HSE管理和全过程HSE监督,从2007年至今CNODC通过推行承包商HSE管理强化计划,成功地完善了合同管理政策和承包商HSE管理体系,推动各海外项目公司将HSE管理重心从合同执行阶段前移到计划和招标、投标和合同签订阶段,规范了项目公司对合同执行阶段的现场监督、HSE业绩监测和考评,有效减少了承包商安全事故和环境事件,实现了CNODC与承包商HSE绩效的双赢。     

不同配比安全点火药B/KNO_3的研究

为研究可靠点燃主装药,性能稳定的B/KNO3点火药,对不同配比的B/KNO3进行配制并对其性能进行测试。不同配比B/KNO3在火焰感度、静电火花感度、撞击感度、摩擦感度4项外界刺激中,除了对撞击非常钝感之外,对其他3项外界刺激敏感。在不同比例的药中,以B/KNO3比例为50:50,粘结剂为X的药火焰感度最高,稳定性好;静电火花感度随B/KNO3中B比例提高而降低,摩擦感度随B/KNO3中B比例提高而提高,但当中B比例从40%提高到50%时,这两感度改变不多。分析得出B/KNO3比例为50:50,粘结剂为X的药满足对主装药点火可靠,稳定性好。     

An empirical survey of the benefits of implementing pay for safety scheme (PFSS) in the Hong Kong construction industry

Introduction

The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) has implemented different safety initiatives to improve the safety performance of the construction industry over the past decades. The Pay for Safety Scheme (PFSS), which is one of the effective safety measures launched by the government in 1996, has been widely adopted in the public works contracts. Both the accident rate and fatality rate of public sector projects have decreased noticeably over this period.

Method

This paper aims to review the current state of application of PFSS in Hong Kong, and attempts to identify and analyze the perceived benefits of PFSS in construction via an industry-wide empirical questionnaire survey. A total of 145 project participants who have gained abundant handson experience with the PFSS construction projects were requested to complete a survey questionnaire to indicate the relative importance of those benefits identified in relation to PFSS. The perceived benefits were measured and ranked from the perspectives of the client and contractor for crosscomparison.

Results

The survey findings suggested the most significant benefits derived from adopting PFSS were: (a) Increased safety training; (b) Enhanced safety awareness; (c) Encouragement of developing safety management system; and (d) Improved safety commitment. A wider application of PFSS should be advocated so as to achieve better safety performance within the construction industry.

Impact on Industry

It is recommended that a similar scheme to the PFSS currently adopted in Hong Kong may be developed for implementation in other regions or countries for international comparisons.     

一种系统化的行为形成因子分类方法

为了准确表述能够诱发人为差错的情景环境,对人因可靠性分析(HRA)中的行为形成因子(PSF)进行归纳整理,构建一种新的系统化的PSF分类方法。对现有人因可靠性文献中的PSF进行分析,明确PSF的定义及其内涵。通过分析人机交互过程,指出PSF应该包含:操作者,机器,任务,组织,环境和辅助系统等6个方面,分别从上述6个方面对PSF进行细致分解,最终构建包括6个方面38个元素的PSF分类方法。     

面向循环经济的企业绩效评价指标体系研究

知识经济和循环经济是21世纪国际社会推进可持续发展的两大新的实践模式。为了评价企业实施循环经济的绩效．本文探讨了面向循环经济的企业评价指标的特点、原则和层次。给出了面向循环经济的企业绩效评价指标体系的结构及其评价方法。     

Air Quality Management: Participatory Ranking of Control Measures and Conflict Analysis

The ranking of air quality control measures according to a number of evaluation criteria and with the participation of a large number of interested publics is demonstrated. A pilot study for the South Coast Air Quality Management District of California serves as the reference point. Several methodological considerations are addressed, such as: (a) the enhancement of criterion priorities to account for the variability among the performance of the control measures when incommensurable impact levels are applied: (b) the derivation of alternative rankings according to the priorities of potential coalitions; (c) the assessment of the potential acceptability of a collective ranking given the degree of solidarity among participants with similar interest affiliations; and (b) the assessment of the extent to which the performance of specific control measures may override priority differences and lead to insignificant ranking differences.     

黄山市酒店服务业环境绩效评价模型研究

随着黄山市旅游业的快速发展,酒店、宾馆等服务业产生的环境污染已越来越不容忽视。如何评价酒店服务业产生的环境影响,并提出有意义的改善措施,是目前亟待解决的问题。很多酒店在进行环境绩效考核时往往从定性的角度去评价,在很大程度上不是很客观。针对酒店服务业的现状,建立了一套较为简单可行的环境绩效评价体系,构建了基于层次分析法(AHP)的模糊综合评判模型。实证研究表明,该模型评价结果能较客观地反映酒店的环境绩效现状。